California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Ford v. City of L. A., 260 Cal.Rptr.3d 665, 47 Cal.App.5th 277 (Cal. App. 2020):
" No form of civil trial error justifies reversal and retrial, with its attendant expense and possible loss of witnesses, where in light of the entire record, there was no actual prejudice to the appealing party. " ( Cassim v. Allstate Ins. Co . (2004) 33 Cal.4th 780, 801, 16 Cal.Rptr.3d 374, 94 P.3d 513 ( Cassim ).) The trial court instructed the jury both at the conclusion of opening statements and during final instructions that nothing the attorneys argue or ask in a question is evidence ( CACI No. 106, No. 5002). Plaintiff has not shown any prejudice arising from these acts.
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