What is the test for a plaintiff who seeks to hold a prison official liable for deliberate indifference?

A plaintiff who seeks to hold a prison official liable for a deliberate indifference claim under the Eight Amendment must establish that the official's conduct caused the injury. (See Martinez v. California (1980) 444 U.S. 277, 285.) "The inquiry into causation must be individualized and focus on the duties and responsibilities of each

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individual defendant whose acts or omissions are alleged to have caused a constitutional deprivation. [Citations.]" (Leer v. Murphy (9th Cir. 1988) 844 F.2d 628, 633.)