The following excerpt is from Manter v. Fresno Police Dep't, Case No. 1:19-cv-01070-DAD-EPG (E.D. Cal. 2019):
"Plaintiffs who seek to impose liability on local governments under 1983 must prove that action pursuant to official municipal policy caused their injury. Official municipal policy includes the decisions of a government's lawmakers, the acts of its policymaking officials, and practices so persistent and widespread as to practically have the force of law. These are action[s] for which the municipality is actually responsible." Connick v. Thompson, 563 U.S. 51, 60-61 (2011) (internal citations and quotations omitted) (alteration in original).
The above passage should not be considered legal advice. Reliable answers to complex legal questions require comprehensive research memos. To learn more visit www.alexi.com.