The following excerpt is from Hammler v. Gooch, Case No. 1:19-cv-00653-EPG (E.D. Cal. 2020):
Ordinarily, a single constitutional violation by an untrained employee is insufficient to demonstrate deliberate indifference for purposes of a failure to train. Connick v. Thompson, 563 U.S. 51, 62 (2011). Instead, a plaintiff must usually demonstrate "[a] pattern of similar constitutional violations by untrained employees." Id.
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