What is the test for a plaintiff in a civil case seeking to enforce a civil rights defense in the context of civil rights violations?

MultiRegion, United States of America

The following excerpt is from Williams v. Cnty. of San Diego, Case No.: 17cv815-MMA (JLB) (S.D. Cal. 2017):

The purpose underlying this defense is "to strike a balance between the competing need to hold public officials accountable when they exercise power irresponsibly and the need to shield officials from harassment, distraction, and liability when they perform their duties reasonably." Mattos v. Agarano, 661 F.3d 433, 440 (9th Cir. 2011).

a. First Amendment Violation

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