What is the test for a person to be liable as an aider and abettor of a crime?
California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Hayes, 21 Cal.4th 1211, 91 Cal.Rptr.2d 211, 989 P.2d 645 (Cal. 1999):
20. To be liable as an aider and abettor, the person must act both with knowledge of the perpetrator's criminal purpose and the intent of encouraging or facilitating commission of the offense. (People v. Stankewitz (1990) 51 Cal.3d 72, 90-91, 270 Cal.Rptr. 817, 793 P.2d 23.)
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