The following excerpt is from U.S. v. Corona, 661 F.2d 805 (9th Cir. 1981):
2 In its conclusions, the district court stated that the pat-down was constitutional because it was only after the pat-down revealed a hard object that a further intrusion was made by reaching inside Corona's coat. The pat-down may not be initiated, however, in the absence of a founded suspicion that the subject is armed and presently dangerous. Ybarra v. Illinois, 444 U.S. 85, 92-93, 100 S.Ct. 338, 343, 62 L.Ed.2d 238 (1979).
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