The following excerpt is from Shipley v. City of N.Y., 16 N.Y.S.3d 1, 2015 N.Y. Slip Op. 04791, 25 N.Y.3d 645, 37 N.E.3d 58 (N.Y. 2015):
(1) an assumption by the municipality, through promises or actions, of an affirmative duty to act on behalf of the party who was injured; (2) knowledge on the part of the municipality's agents that inaction could lead to harm; (3) some form of direct contact between the municipality's agents and the injured party; and (4) that party's justifiable reliance on the municipality's affirmative undertaking (Valdez v. City of New York, 18 N.Y.3d 69, 80, 936 N.Y.S.2d 587, 960 N.E.2d 356 [2011] ).
Here, the medical examiner took possession of the body, conducted an autopsy,
[37 N.E.3d 76]
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