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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


What is the typical length of a trial for a motion of no confidence?


Ontario, Canada

When will we abstain from deciding on constitutional issues until the state courts can decide the constitutional issues?


MultiRegion, United States of America

When will a judge instruct the jury on the limited purpose for which evidence of other crimes or wrongful acts is admitted?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How should a judge develop the factual basis of a claim?


California, United States of America

How have appellate decisions been interpreted in the context of personal injury cases?


California, United States of America

Can a federal judge exercise supplemental jurisdiction over a state law version of the FDCPA?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for arbitrariness?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the standard of review of discretionary decisions by visa officers?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Can a defendant agree to probation knowing that he would not be able to comply with one of the conditions?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a material change in circumstances affecting the best interests of the child?


Ontario, Canada

Does a defendant have a right to examine a witness' prior statement?


"New York", United States of America

In our review of restitution orders, how have we applied the principle of reweighing the evidence or credibility?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted section 24074 of the California Small Business Act, Section 24074?


California, United States of America

Is a plaintiff's claim cognizable on appeal even if he failed to object to the imposition of the fines and fees below?


California, United States of America

What remedies are available to a person who has suffered harassment?


California, United States of America

How have the courts treated a deputy's statement that a defendant had a gun violation?


California, United States of America

What is the test for the purpose of a guarantee?


Alberta, Canada

Does defendant have to prove a reasonable probability that the result would have been different absent the alleged error?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a prison official to be found guilty of violating the Eighth Amendment by failing to provide adequate medical care for an inmate?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the exclusion of an altered pen that was intended to be used as a screwdriver violate a defendant's right to present a defense?


California, United States of America

Whether appellant has met its requirement for trial and appellate fees and the reasonable amount of any award?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a defendant to prove that he was intoxicated 19 hours before his arrest and that he had been in the restroom at the time of his arrest?


California, United States of America

Does the felony-murder rule require neither express nor implied malice to determine the cause of death of a victim?


California, United States of America

In a personal injury action, is there any evidence that passion and prejudice played a part in the award of attorney fees?


California, United States of America

How have courts dealt with evidentiary challenges to the penalty during the penalty phase of the trial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion for a separate trial for abuse of power?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant who fails to object on federal constitutional grounds at trial have the right to seek a motion for a mistrial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a cause of action in a medical malpractice case?


Ontario, Canada

Can a defendant charged with the crime of conspiracy to commit murder be admitted to ball even though strong proof exists?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant refuse consent for police to search an apartment?


California, United States of America

What is the difference between a two-year-old child and his father's driving time?


New Brunswick, Canada

In what circumstances will a bailiff be allowed to seize a ship's hull?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for proving that a corporation’s pre-tax income is not available for support?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the elements of punitive damages?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for a “crumbling skull” plaintiff in a motor vehicle accident?


British Columbia, Canada

Is it a seizure under the Fourth Amendment if the officer ordered him to leave his friend's apartment and walk to the bodega?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the considerations for a judge in ruling on admissibility of an expert’s evidence?


Ontario, Canada

Does the Owner of a Strata Plan need to provide documentation in order to proceed with the application?


British Columbia, Canada

Is Lord's failure to object to the probation search condition in the trial court invalid on appeal?


California, United States of America

Does a railway company have a common law obligation to exercise its rights as not unnecessarily injuring another person?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the meaning of Section 1983 of the Human Rights Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

When interpreting a waiver, does the waiver contain any specific language, and the waiver does not specify the scope of the waiver?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for rescinding an Assignment?


British Columbia, Canada

Is evidence of nonviolent criminal activity that did not result in a felony conviction an inadmissible aggravating factor?


California, United States of America

Is there a presumption that the original protection order is correct and that the onus is on the party attempting to change the status quo?


Ontario, Canada

What are the implications of a jury's declaration of deliberation in a jury trial?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a plaintiff be able to claim damages for odour from a neighbouring property?


Ontario, Canada

What are the implications of the partial discontinuance and proposed amendments to the statement of claim?


Alberta, Canada

Can a prosecutor vouch for the truthfulness of a witness?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the trial court have a duty to instruct the jury as to the elements of first degree murder and the required mens rea for first-degree murder?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a judge to grant a motion for personal injury relief?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the current state of the law in dealing with medical malpractice?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a claim for misrepresentation, fraud or deceit barred by sovereign immunity?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the grounds of appeal for damages for undue mental distress?


Ontario, Canada

What is the burden of proving a plaintiff’s claim for medical malpractice?


British Columbia, Canada

How have courts interpreted section 3.2 and 10.2 of a long-term disability policy?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have courts rejected arguments that have not been developed sufficiently to be cognizable?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that a patentee has market power?


California, United States of America

Does a firefighter have a cause of action against the fire service for negligence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a challenge to the sufficiency of evidence to support a conviction?


California, United States of America

Is presence at the scene of a crime but failure to prevent it sufficient to establish aiding and abetting?


California, United States of America

What is the meaning of the words "e.g." in the California Civil Code and what is the effect of those words?


California, United States of America

Can a prosecutor or the court comment directly or indirectly upon a defendant's failure to testify in his defense?


California, United States of America

What is the relevance of gang membership in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Is being a felon in possession of a firearm a crime of violence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on "reasonable tactical decisions" in the context of a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel?


California, United States of America

Is a defendant required to have a certificate of probable cause to appeal against his no contest plea?


California, United States of America

Does nondisclosure of "hysterical" letters that would have had a "powerful adverse effect" on the credibility of a witness be denied?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant bring an application for reconsideration of an order assessing damages pursuant to Rule 22(1)(3)?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for an appellate court to challenge a factual determination made by a trial court?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an award for future cost of care?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a specific performance in a personal injury case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is relevant evidence in a personal injury action?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an agreement between a police agent and a police officer to set up a gambling establishment?


California, United States of America

What is the test for human dignity in employment law?


Alberta, Canada

Can a defendant be convicted of aggravated sexual assault of a child in violation of section 269, subdivision (a)(5) of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant have a prior criminal conviction that qualifies as a "misdemeanor for all purposes" under section 1170.18, subdivision (k) of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

Does a drug deal constitute trafficking by the purchaser?


Ontario, Canada

What are the allegations relating to disability and demotion made in an application for a long-term disability?


Ontario, Canada

Is laches a valid defense in an action for quiet title?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review for a defence in a case of aiding and abettor and conspirator liability?


California, United States of America

Does an attorney have to do anything which will injure his former client in any matter in which he formally represented him?


California, United States of America

Does a no contact order apply to a defendant who has been convicted of a sex offence?


California, United States of America

What is the defence to a specific performance action?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for adding a respondent to a complaint at the BC Human Rights Tribunal?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for admitting irrelevant evidence in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Can the failure of the trial court to inquire into the prosecutor's reasons for the peremptory exclusion of minority venirepersons from a trial without further proceedings?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to dismiss under the abuse of standard?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to obtain a writ of habeas corpus?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for "relevant mitigating evidence" in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Is vulnerability of a party to an agreement a factor in assessing part performance?


Ontario, Canada

What are the particulars of a crane manufacturer?


Saskatchewan, Canada

How have courts interpreted a procedural statute relating to jurisdiction where there has been no denial of due process?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on electronic surveillance?


Ontario, Canada

Can a public prosecutor be held liable in a civil action for malicious prosecution?


California, United States of America

What is the state law standard for nondisclosure of material facts in a business transaction?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does Defendant waive his Miranda Rights?


California, United States of America

Is a defendant who fails to raise a timely objection to the finding that appellant should not testify before a jury forfeits the claim?


California, United States of America

How have the courts treated the Defendant in this case?


California, United States of America

In a diversity action, in what circumstances can the opposing parties claim attorney's fees for the prevailing party?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the prosecution have to prove voluntariness beyond a reasonable doubt?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a government position that is "reasonable basis both law and fact"?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have the courts interpreted Section 1956 of the Criminal Code in relation to mail fraud allegations?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have the courts in Northern Ireland dealt with the issue of factual matrices?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of a motion to keep an injunction in place until a decision is rendered at trial?


Manitoba, Canada

What are the implications of the Court of Appeal's decision not to appoint a new judge to the trial court?


California, United States of America

What is the test for abuse of judicial discretion on secret ballots?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a proper factual foundation in a Charter challenge?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for qualified immunity based on special need?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for meeting the condition precedent in the context of an application for an interim injunction against the Minister of Environment?


Alberta, Canada

What is the sufficiency of evidence in a sexual assault case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a new trial be granted in a civil case where a jury member has been found guilty of misconduct by reason of failing to attend the trial?


California, United States of America

What are the factors used by the courts to determine the length of a sentence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

How have the courts treated a defendant's past criminal history in the context of his assault and robbery conviction?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that a trust fund has been established for the purpose of augmenting the property passing to a receiver?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have the courts dealt with misstatements made by the prosecutor in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What authority does a state court have to order a foreclosure sale and eviction during the pendency of a bankruptcy?


federal, United States of America

What is the effect of a jury trial on credibility?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a document used to refresh a witness's recollection be disclosed in discovery or included in a trial exhibit?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances would a drug dealer be willing to carry out acts of violence to avoid arrest?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for assessing damages for wrongful conduct in a civil case?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the felony-murder rule apply to those who are not physically involved in the crime?


California, United States of America

What is the standard for determining mixed fact and law?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the law of summary judgment including partial summary judgment?


Ontario, Canada

Does stoppel have to lie to override a statutory provision in the Income Tax Act?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Is a jury instruction argumentative when it is "of such a character as to invite the jury to draw inferences favorable to one of the parties"?


California, United States of America

What is the applicable statute of limitations for a claim for constructive fraud, breach of contract and constructive fraud?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reversing a finding of fact in a sexual assault case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for punitive damages in a class action?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a court amend an existing foreclosure order?


Alberta, Canada

When will the presumption of advancement be applied in common law cases?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the standard of proof required to establish a future care item?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a party seeking to inherit a deceased's estate have any rights to share in the estate if they are convicted of manslaughter?


"New York", United States of America

What is the impact of an expert's adoption of another expert’s report?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test to be applied on a Rule 19(24)(a) application?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for material omissions in a search warrant application?


California, United States of America

What is the test for involuntary administration of psychotropic medication to an inmate?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does an expert report have to be attached to an affidavit to support a motion for summary judgment?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for determining whether prison officials were on actual or constructive notice that the risk to inmates' constitutional rights was substantially certain to result in a violation of their constitutional rights?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a strata operator permitted to operate a single occupancy unit (STA) without obtaining approval from the section executive?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for committal under s. 29(1)(a) of the Extradition Act?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a claim that retention in ad seg violated the Eighth Amendment rights of a mentally ill individual?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the evidence supporting the allegation that defendants were involved in a criminal gang?


California, United States of America

How have the courts used the verdict of the Superior Court of Justice in a marijuana possession case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a claim of error in jury instructions in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Can a trial judge question witnesses in the presence of a jury?


California, United States of America

What is the test for discharge of a jury that cannot agree on a verdict?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a shareholder be able to sue their auditor for misrepresentation?


Ontario, Canada

Does Defendant have a conviction for accessory to a crime under section 32 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the legal framework for a loss of capacity claim?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will costs be awarded in a custody matter?


Ontario, Canada

Does the fact that the federal authorities had a duty in exercising their powers over reserve land to endeavour to serve the best interests of the band for whom the land was held require emphasis?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of improper exhaustion in the context of a wrongful death claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the availability of a multiplier for attorneys' fees in a state court, but not in a federal court, lead to forum shopping?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will costs be imposed on a motion for contempt of court?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for determining the appropriate sentence for a defendant convicted of assault under section 3553(a) of the Criminal Code?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is Defendant entitled to a supplemental brief that sets forth the facts of the case and asks the court to review the record and determine whether there are any arguable issues on appeal?


California, United States of America

What factors will a court consider when determining whether to award concurrent or consecutive terms to a defendant who has been convicted of assault and assault?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an ordinance to be struck down?


"New York", United States of America

Are there any cases of ineffective assistance of counsel in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a defendant has multiple intents or objectives?


California, United States of America

What is the threshold for adding an individual to a cause of action?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for striking a pleading in conspiracy?


Ontario, Canada

Is there a right of garnishment against an escrow agent in a garnishment action?


California, United States of America

What is the test for recovery of punitive damages in a sexual assault case?


"New York", United States of America

Is an executor entitled to a third party's costs?


Manitoba, Canada

How have police obtained consent to search a woman's home for methamphetamine?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of the court's "equity test" when it comes to determining the equity of a company?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is good faith a defense in a mail fraud case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of review for a claim for damages under a contract where damages were reasonably foreseeable?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a director of a bankrupt corporation be held liable for misleading advice given by his professional adviser?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for an order for constructive trust?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for reading only the word only in the instruction to a jury in a motor vehicle case?


California, United States of America

What is considered a "contingent" loan?


British Columbia, Canada

Does instruction 19 inadequately instructed the jury on their public authority defense?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a consent order enforceable?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a claim for violation of Section 1983 of the Federal Rights Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the result of the Court of Justice's review of all special costs bills?


British Columbia, Canada

How should corporate and distributive taxes be taken into account in the division of property?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a judge's examination of certain witnesses' testimony prejudicial or prejudicial?


California, United States of America

Is there a difference between a special allegation and a substantive charge in a firearm possession case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to suppress a second statement to the police as obtained in violation of the Miranda privacy law?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of "bizarre actions" by a defendant in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a warranty exclusion exclusion of economic loss excluded from the warranty exclusion?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the appropriate time for a medical malpractice action against a health care provider based upon professional negligence?


California, United States of America

What are the consequences of an insurer's refusal to participate in mediation?


Ontario, Canada

Is evidence that a defendant committed crimes other than those for which he is on trial admissible?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for amendable pleading?


British Columbia, Canada

When a defendant claims the trial court made an impermissible dual use of a fact to support both an enhancement and an aggravating factor in his conviction for assault, what is the test for determining whether the sentence should be increased or reduced?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether there is competent evidence to support a finding that a witness has been found guilty of sexual assault?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of proof in a motor vehicle safety-valve relief application?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for disqualification from resentencing under Proposition 36 of the California Criminal Code for unlawful possession of a firearm?


California, United States of America

Can a psychiatrist examine a defendant's mental state to determine his competency to stand trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have the courts dealt with the issue of due diligence to secure the presence of a witness at a preliminary hearing?


California, United States of America

What is the purpose of particulars in a personal injury action?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for applying the independent or de novo standard of review to a failure by the trial court to instruct on a lesser included offense?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing guilt beyond a reasonable doubt?


California, United States of America

Is it misconduct for a prosecutor to urge the jury not to be misled by defense counsel's characterization of the witness testimony?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on consent in sexual assault cases?


California, United States of America

What is the test for substantial evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America