California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Diaz, F063116 (Cal. App. 2013):
For a guilty plea to be knowing and voluntary the federal constitution requires that it must be based on an express and knowing waiver of the defendant's constitutional rights to a jury trial, to confront witnesses and against self-incrimination. (Boykin v. Alabama, supra, 395 U.S. at pp. 242-244; In re Tahl, supra, 1 Cal.3d at pp. 130-131.)
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