What is the state test for determining whether a jury would have reached a different result if the trial court had not made the challenged statements and rulings?

California, United States of America


The following excerpt is from People v. Wheeler, B275786 (Cal. App. 2017):

Under these circumstances, it is not reasonably probable that the jury would have reached a different result had the trial court not made the challenged statements and rulings. Accordingly, even if the trial court's comments were improper and conveyed bias, which we conclude they did not, the judgment is still not subject to reversal under either the federal constitutional standard of error (Chapman v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 18, 24), or the state test of People v. Watson (1956) 46 Cal.2d 818, 836.

Page 33

The judgment is affirmed.

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