The following excerpt is from Nieto v. Hodge, Case No.: 1:10-cv-01397-AWI-JLT (PC) (E.D. Cal. 2010):
subordinates if the supervisor participated in or directed the violations, or knew of the violations and failed to act to prevent them." Taylor v. List, 880 F.2d 1040, 1045 (9th Cir. 1989).
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