The following excerpt is from Chalkboard, Inc. v. Brandt, 879 F.2d 668 (9th Cir. 1989):
Defendants first argue that they are absolutely immune. In general, executive officials are protected only by qualified immunity. Butz v. Economou, 438 U.S. 478, 507, 98 S.Ct. 2894, 2911, 57 L.Ed.2d 895 (1977). In certain instances, however, executive officials may be entitled to absolute immunity, but such instances are limited "to those exceptional situations where it is
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