The following excerpt is from Williams v. Hill, 1:16-cv-00540-LJO-EPG (PC) (E.D. Cal. 2017):
n. 2 (2001), the right is merely to bring to court a grievance the inmate wishes to present and is limited to direct criminal appeals, habeas petitions, and civil rights actions. Lewis, 518 U.S. at 354. To bring a claim for deprivation of access to the courts, a plaintiff must have suffered an actual injury by being shut out of court. Christopher v. Harbury, 536 U.S. 403, 415 (2002); Lewis, 518 U.S. at 351.
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