What is the requirement in criminal cases that constitutional error be found harmless beyond a reasonable doubt?

California, United States of America


The following excerpt is from Pub. Guardian of L.A. v. K.P. (In re Conservatorship of Person & Estate of K.P.), B291510 (Cal. App. 2019):

8. The requirement in criminal cases that constitutional error be found harmless beyond a reasonable doubt was set forth in Chapman v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 18, 24 ["before a . . . constitutional error can be held harmless, the court must be able to declare a belief that it was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt"].)

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