California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Int'l Ass'n of Firefighters Local Union 230 v. Jose, H035065, H035425 (Cal. App. 2011):
The FFBOR also provides the procedure for an administrative appeal of a punitive action, such as a written reprimand: "An administrative appeal instituted by a firefighter under this chapter shall be conducted in conformance with rules and procedures adopted by the employing department or licensing or certifying agency that are in accordance with Chapter 5 (commencing with Section 11500) of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2." ( 3254.5, subd. (a).) Section 11500 et seq. is part of the Administrative Procedures Act and generally governs administrative hearings. (11370; Lake v. Reed (1997) 16 Cal.4th 448, 458.)
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