California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Holcomb v. City of Los Angeles, 210 Cal.App.3d 1560, 259 Cal.Rptr. 1 (Cal. App. 1989):
The first question is whether this statutory scheme applies to the situation at bench. Government Code section 3304(b) states no "punitive action" may be taken against an officer "without providing the officer with an opportunity for administrative appeal." Government Code section 3303 defines "punitive action" to include suspension. These provisions apply to the City of Los Angeles. (Baggett v. Gates (1982) 32 Cal.3d 128, 135-140, 185 Cal.Rptr. 232, 649 P.2d 874.)
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