The following excerpt is from Carmona v. Ward, 576 F.2d 405 (2nd Cir. 1978):
18 Mr. Justice Field said of the Eighth Amendment, "The whole inhibition is against that which is excessive either in the bail required, or fine imposed, or punishment inflicted." O'Neil v. Vermont, 144 U.S. 323, 340, 12 S.Ct. 693, 700, 36 L.Ed. 450 (1892).
The above passage should not be considered legal advice. Reliable answers to complex legal questions require comprehensive research memos. To learn more visit www.alexi.com.