What is the government's burden on criminal intent in securities fraud cases?

MultiRegion, United States of America

The following excerpt is from United States v. Litvak, 808 F.3d 160 (2nd Cir. 2015):

Id. at 93.23 Vilar's holding is consistent with our earlier observation that "the Government's burden with respect to criminal intent on [ ] Securities Exchange Act counts [is] less than under [ ] mail fraud counts," United States v. Dixon, 536 F.2d 1388, 1398 (2d Cir.1976), and forecloses Litvak's argument here.24

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