California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Boulware, 20 Cal.App.4th 1753, 25 Cal.Rptr.2d 381 (Cal. App. 1993):
[20 Cal.App.4th 1757] Both appellant and respondent agree that the effect of error in this situation is tested under the standard of Chapman v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 18, 87 S.Ct. 824, 17 L.Ed.2d 705: the error is reversible unless harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. 1 The error in this case, if error it was, was harmless beyond any doubt.
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