What is the effect of a written transcript on the credibility of a witness?

In the context of appellate review, a written transcript of testimony has been described as "a pallid reflection of what actually happens in a trial court." (Meiner v. Ford Motor Co. (1971) 17 Cal.App.3d 127, 140.) A transcript cannot provide a witness's look or manner, any hesitations or doubts, any variations of language, any rashness or calmness, or the level of consideration used while testifying. (Ibid.) Evaluating the credibility of a witness involves intuition, which is "that intangible, inarticulable capacity of one human being to evaluate the sincerity, honesty and integrity of another human being with whom he comes in contact." (Id. at p. 141.)