What is the effect of a police officer stopping a motorist for investigation and citation?

We note that here, police officers did what they are supposed to do: operate within the law to catch those who break it. It is undisputed the vehicle in this case was being operated without a valid registration, establishing probable cause to believe a Vehicle Code violation ⁸ was occurring. It is also undisputed that a police officer may stop a motorist for investigation and citation when such a violation is observed. (People v. Franklin (1985) 171 Cal.App.3d 627, 633, 217 Cal.Rptr. 529.) These officers were careful not to exceed the scope of their authority. ⁹ We agree with the reasoning in People v. Miranda, supra, 17 Cal.App.4th at pages 928-929, 21 Cal.Rptr.2d 785 that such conduct does not merit the punishment of evidentiary exclusion.

II. Other Contentions

The motel clerk testified the robbers ripped out telephone lines as they left with

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