The following excerpt is from Gilberg v. Barbieri, 423 N.E.2d 807, 441 N.Y.S.2d 49, 53 N.Y.2d 285 (N.Y. 1981):
2 Indeed the difference in burden of proof favors preclusion of a defendant convicted in the first trial for he can only have been convicted if the fact finder found against him beyond a reasonable doubt and taking into consideration the presumption of innocence, whereas, in the personal injury action the burden of proof is only a preponderance and the "presumption of innocence is not indulged in a civil action," even one predicated upon an assault (Kurz v. Doerr, 180 N.Y. 88, 91, 72 N.E. 926).
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