What is the current state of the law on fixed life sentences for teenagers who commit first degree murder?

What is the current range of sentences for the mental state of first degree murder? (California, United States of America)

How have courts reduced a convicted first-degree murderer's sentence to second-degree murder? (California, United States of America)

When a defendant enters a plea of not guilty by reason of insanity at trial for a first-degree murder, can he still be found guilty of first degree murder? (California, United States of America)

What is the range of sentences for a man convicted of a first degree murder, conspiracy to commit murder and other felonies? (California, United States of America)

Does the trial court have a duty to instruct the jury as to the elements of first degree murder and the required mens rea for first-degree murder? (California, United States of America)

Does a court have a duty to instruct a sua sponte on the provocation that would reduce first degree murder to second-degree murder? (California, United States of America)

What is the appropriate sentence for a defendant convicted of first degree felony murder with the felony-murder special circumstance? (California, United States of America)

Does a trial court have to instruct the jury to agree unanimously whether defendant committed premeditated murder or first degree felony murder? (California, United States of America)

Can a charge of murder be used to establish first degree murder under the felony-murder rule? (California, United States of America)

Is a defendant's claim that the trial court erred by instructing the jury on first degree murder because the information alleged only that the murder of Agent Cross was committed with malice aforethought? (California, United States of America)