California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Ortiz, B259840 (Cal. App. 2016):
Despite these important principles, the confrontation right is not absolute. (Alvarado v. Superior Court, supra, 23 Cal.4th at p. 1138.) It "'may, in appropriate cases, bow to accommodate other legitimate interests in the criminal trial process.'" (Id. at p. 1139.) "'Traditionally, there has been "an exception to the confrontation requirement where a witness is unavailable and has given testimony at previous judicial proceedings against the same defendant [and] which was subject to cross-
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