What is the burden of proving a defendant's statement was voluntarily made?

California, United States of America


The following excerpt is from People v. Mullen, C062851 (Cal. App. 2012):

At trial, the People bear the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that defendant's statement was made voluntarily. (People v. Markham (1989) 49 Cal.3d 63, 71.) "When determining whether a promise of leniency was made, a crucial distinction is drawn between simple police encouragement to tell the truth and the promise of some benefit beyond that

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