What is relevant evidence in a personal injury action?

All relevant evidence is admissible except as otherwise provided by law. (Evid. Code, 351.) "Relevant evidence" is defined in Evidence Code section 210 as evidence "having any tendency in reason to prove or disprove any disputed fact that is of consequence to the determination of the action." Evidence is relevant if it tends "'"'logically, naturally, and by reasonable inference'"'" to establish a material fact. (People v. Hamilton (2009) 45 Cal.4th 863, 913.) A trial court may exclude relevant evidence where its "probative value is substantially outweighed by the probability that its admission will (a) necessitate undue consumption of time or (b) create substantial danger of undue prejudice, of confusing the issues, or of misleading the jury." (Evid. Code, 352.)

A trial court's decision to admit or exclude evidence is reviewed on appeal for abuse of discretion and will not be disturbed "except on a showing the trial court exercised its discretion in an arbitrary, capricious, or patently absurd manner that resulted in a manifest miscarriage of justice." (People v. Rodriguez (1999) 20 Cal.4th 1, 9-10.)