What is probable cause and what is the test?

"Probable cause is a complete defense to a constitutional claim of false arrest," and it "exists when one has knowledge of, or reasonably trustworthy information as to, facts and circumstances that are sufficient to warrant a person of reasonable caution in the belief that an offense has been or is being committed by the person to be arrested." Betts v. Shearman, 751

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F.3d 78, 82 (2d Cir. 2014). Hence, to determine whether an arrest was supported by probable cause, we must "examine the events leading up to the arrest, and then decide whether these historical facts, viewed from the standpoint of an objectively reasonable police officer, amount to probable cause." Marcavage v. City of New York, 689 F.3d 98, 109 (2d Cir. 2012).