California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Corpuz, A121199, San Francisco City and County Super. Ct. No. 19507 (Cal. App. 2011):
A valid waiver of Miranda rights must be voluntary, knowing, and intelligent. (People v. Combs (2004) 34 Cal.4th 821, 845.) It is voluntary if it is the product of a free and deliberate choice rather than intimidation, coercion, or deception. (Moran v. Burbine (1986) 475 U.S. 412, 421.) It is knowing and intelligent when it is made with full awareness of both the nature of the right being abandoned and the consequences of
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