The following excerpt is from U.S. v. Rosen, 409 F.3d 535 (2nd Cir. 2005):
Where the offense is the product of joint criminal activity, a defendant is responsible for "all reasonably foreseeable acts and omissions of others in furtherance of the jointly undertaken criminal activity." 1995 Guidelines 1B1.3(a)(1)(B). If a coconspirator has organized a crime that requires more than minimal planning, other coconspirators who were not planners are chargeable with that offense characteristic if it was "foreseeable to [them] that more than minimal planning would occur in order to" complete the crime. United States v. Mizrachi, 48 F.3d 651, 657 (2d Cir.1995). The sentencing court's ruling that a given offense reflected more than minimal planning is an application of the Guidelines to the facts, which is reviewable only for abuse of discretion. See, e.g., United States v. Cropper, 42 F.3d 755, 758 (2d Cir.1994).
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