The following excerpt is from Kowalski v. Oregon State Bar Ass'n, 77 F.3d 489 (9th Cir. 1996):
Where, as here, the district court does not explicitly consider the factors weighing in favor of and against dismissal, we independently review the record to determine whether the order of dismissal was an abuse of discretion. See Oliva v. Sullivan, 958 F.2d 272, 274 (9th Cir.1992).
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