The following excerpt is from Whatley v. C.I.R., 21 F.3d 1119 (9th Cir. 1994):
Under section 6653(a), negligence is "the lack of due care or the failure to do what a reasonable and prudent person would do under similar circumstances." Allen v. Commissioner, 925 F.2d 348, 353 (9th Cir.1991). Section 6653(a)(1) imposes a five percent addition to tax against a taxpayer when any part of an underpayment is due to negligence. Id. Prior to 1988, section 6653(a)(1) also imposed a penalty of fifty percent of the interest due on the underpayment. Id.
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