What are the main avenues for federal civil rights and habeas corpus claims?

In general, federal law provides two main avenues to relief on claims related to imprisonment: a petition for a writ of habeas corpus [under] 28 U.S.C. 2254, and a complaint [for violation of federal civil rights under] 42 U.S.C. 1983. Muhammad v. Close, 540 U.S. 749, 750 (2004). Challenges to the validity of any confinement or to particulars affecting its duration are the province of habeas corpus; requests for relief turning on circumstances of confinement may be presented in a 1983 action. Id.