What are the factors used to determine whether a defendant was encouraging or facilitating the commission of a crime?

California, United States of America


The following excerpt is from People v. Madrigal, 2d Crim. No. B254702 (Cal. App. 2015):

encouraging or facilitating the commission of the crime, and that by act or advice he aided promoted, encouraged, or instigated the commission of the crime. (See People v. Campbell (1994) 25 Cal.App.4th 402, 409.) Other factors include the defendant's companionship or relationship with the perpetrator and his conduct before and after the offense. (Ibid.)

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