California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Mendoza, H039705 (Cal. App. 2016):
assist in achieving those unlawful ends, and (c) the aider and abettor's actus reusconduct by the aider and abettor that in fact assists the achievement of the crime." (People v. Perez (2005) 35 Cal.4th 1219, 1225 (Perez); 31 ["All persons concerned in the commission of a crime ... , whether they directly commit the act constituting the offense, or aid and abet in its commission ... , are principals in any crime so committed."].)
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