The following excerpt is from USA v.Romero Avila, 210 F.3d 1017 (9th Cir. 2000):
Section 911 of Title 18 has three identifiable elements. First, a defendant must falsely claim to be a U.S. citizen. Second, the misrepresentation must be willful. Third, the misrepresentation must be made to someone with good reason to inquire into the defendant's citizenship. The first two elements come from the language of the statute itself. 1 The third element derives from our case law. See
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Smiley v. United States, 181 F.2d 505, 507-08 (9th Cir. 1950).
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