What are the elements of lying in wait and what are the implications of this instruction?

California, United States of America


The following excerpt is from People v. Ceja, 17 Cal.Rptr.2d 375, 4 Cal.4th 1134, 847 P.2d 55 (Cal. 1993):

In a letter brief filed shortly before oral argument, defendant argues that this instruction misstates or omits three elements of lying in wait: " a 'substantial period of lying in wait'; that the attack proceed from a position of advantage; and that the attack follow immediately after the watchful waiting." Although the instruction does not verbatim track our language in People v. Morales, supra, 48

Page 379

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