What are the elements of fraud, misrepresentation, concealment or nondisclosure?

California, United States of America


The following excerpt is from 8451 Melrose Prop., LLC v. Akhtarzad, B237052 (Cal. App. 2013):

4. " 'The elements of fraud, which give rise to the tort action for deceit, are (a) misrepresentation (false representation, concealment, or nondisclosure); (b) knowledge of falsity (or "scienter"); (c) intent to defraud, i.e., to induce reliance; (d) justifiable reliance; and (e) resulting damage.' [Citations.]" (Lazar v. Superior Court (1996) 12 Cal.4th 631, 638.)

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