The following excerpt is from Bank of Astoria v. Hobizal, 872 F.2d 426 (9th Cir. 1989):
When, as here, the district court's legal conclusion that the facts constitute a violation of the Rule is challenged, we review a district court's imposition of Rule 11 sanctions de novo. Zaldivar v. City of Los Angeles, 780 F.2d 823, 828 (9th Cir.1986).
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