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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


What is the quantum of child support payable for the respondent's income since 1991?


Ontario, Canada

Can a federal sentencing court modify a term of imprisonment once it has been imposed?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of proof required for a probationer or parolee to be convicted of a violation of the conditions of their probation?


California, United States of America

How have the courts dealt with the suppression of evidence in a search warrant application?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is a trade secret and what is considered a "trade secret"?


"New York", United States of America

What is the definition of "a person aids and abets the commission of a crime"?


California, United States of America

Can an in trust claim for services over and over what would normally have been performed?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a motion to dismiss a sexual assault indictment?


California, United States of America

What is the range of options available to a defendant who is sentenced to county jail under the Realignment Act?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that a judgment is binding on a motion of appeal?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining the meaning of a section of the California Statutory Code of Civil Procedure?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a judge be found to have abused his position in a civil case?


California, United States of America

Is it a misdemeanor under section 490.2(a) of the California Criminal Code if someone has been found guilty of a charge of failing to provide a proper medical record?


California, United States of America

Can a nonprovocateur defendant be charged with murder under the provocative act theory?


California, United States of America

What are some of the most well-known examples of First Amendment arguments in the history of the First Amendment?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a notice of appeal be treated as a petition for writ of habeas corpus?


California, United States of America

Does overt assistance constitute the crime of being an accessory?


California, United States of America

What are the limits of expert testimony in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to determine whether an instruction interferes with the consideration of evidence at trial?


California, United States of America

What is the result of the second appeal of a 2010 Ministerial Order on the same issue?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Does the SVP Act's provision for an indeterminate term violate the due process clause, ex post facto clause and double jeopardy clause?


California, United States of America

Does Mabitad's failure to qualify for asylum necessarily preclude her qualification for withholding deportation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for an anti-SLAPP motion?


California, United States of America

What is the test for civil action under Section 1983 of the Civil Rights Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How much attorneys' fees have been awarded in a personal injury action?


California, United States of America

How has the court treated a request to review the record for any error?


California, United States of America

Does a Respondent Court have jurisdiction to compel production of documents?


California, United States of America

How have the courts treated the issue of "moral duty" in s. 4 of the Mental Health Act?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the burden of proving that a denial of a continuance is arbitrary?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reducing attorney's fees in a CEQA case based on degree of success?


California, United States of America

What is the actual time of day for the purposes of determining when to use the time shown on a video surveillance system?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for having right of way under section 180 of the Motor Vehicle Act?


British Columbia, Canada

If plaintiff had retained the home and at the trial date could she say she intended to occupy or retain the home, and if so, would the cost of the home be taken into consideration for damages?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for unanimity in a case involving possession of drugs for sale?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant have to testify at trial?


California, United States of America

What is the minimal merit required to survive an anti-SLAPP motion?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a master to be held liable for the actions of his servant?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for a tort claim under the California Tort Claims Act?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to compel under Section 2025 of the California Civil Code?


California, United States of America

How does the substantial evidence rule apply in medical malpractice cases?


California, United States of America

What is the testatrix's reason for unequal distribution of the estate?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the difference between a criminal offence and a prohibition for the protection of the public?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the value of professional services provided by a trial judge?


California, United States of America

Can a motion to dismiss a criminal case be dismissed under section 1387, subdivision (a) of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a plaintiff was injured in a motor vehicle accident?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the CEQA statute of limitations apply when a review is sought on the basis of noncompliance with the Environmental Quality Act?


California, United States of America

Are there any allegations of sexual assault, sexual assault or sexual assault against a minor?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for an intoxicated defendant to claim ineffective assistance of counsel?


California, United States of America

What is the test for self-provoked medical treatment?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on child pornography sentencing?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a person to be deemed a "defendant" of a crime?


California, United States of America

Is a buyer’s lien an actual or specific charge?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the Attorney General have any basis to argue that counsel's failure to object on Page 17 was tactical or otherwise deficient?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reducing spousal support on a step down basis to motivate a recipient to retrain and increase her earnings?


Ontario, Canada

Can pleadings overcome the business judgment rule so that a derivative action can be maintained?


California, United States of America

What is the test for making a therapeutic order?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for disclosing substantial evidence in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What are the implications of a family law case law review of the applicable provisions and case law principles for costs in family law?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a plaintiff has been successful in obtaining a judgment as favourable as or more favourable than an offer made?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will a plaintiff be awarded punitive damages?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for reasonable searches under s. 8 of the Charter?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for whether the statute of common law sexual assault does not run?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What factors will be considered in determining whether or not a first confession was induced or impelled by a subsequent confession?


California, United States of America

What is the test required for injunctive relief?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for determining the degree of the crime committed by petitioner in his mental health case?


California, United States of America

What are the implications of the term “Chinese wall” or “concunition of silence” in the context of disclosure requirements?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for unusual danger in the context of food safety legislation?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for a motion to suppress?


California, United States of America

Can a Master's Order denying an independent medical examination of a plaintiff raise questions that may be vital to the final issue in the case?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a private property owner be liable for failing to prevent a plaintiff from urinating on their property?


"New York", United States of America

Can a defendant be found guilty of an attempted criminal threat?


California, United States of America

What is the case law on the fifth question, the interests of justice?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a motion to amend a transcript to include material that is not included in the normal transcript?


California, United States of America

What is the test for the purpose of spousal support?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test set out by Devlin L.J. to determine whether a plaintiff seeks to correct a misnomer or add a new party?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Does a defendant have a right to a record on appeal which includes a complete transcript of the proceedings at trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any case law supporting retroactivity on collateral review?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have courts interpreted language in the wording of a voter-backed initiative?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant in a state court require an instruction that his failure to testify must be disregarded by the jury?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law where a plaintiff is entitled to an analysis of the earnings he would have achieved if he had not been involved in the Accident?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the implications of the error by the trial court in determining that a defendant was denied a fair trial by mistake?


California, United States of America

Is a party barred from urging on appeal any point not raised in the trial court?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the Supreme Court of Canada strike down a motion of no confidence?


British Columbia, Canada

What factors have been considered in determining the quantum of damages for a plaintiff who was injured in a motor vehicle accident?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a lender have a right to take action on a demand loan?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the current state of the law on misconduct in a civil case?


California, United States of America

Does the use of the word "fatal error" constitute fatal error?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a petitioner have the better of two reasonable legal arguments?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the doctrine against splitting a cause of action between a state and federal court apply?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a plaintiff revive an expired cause of action under a continuing breach theory?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is CALCRIM 3471 unnecessary to make clear that even if he started the fight, can he still claim self-defense or unreasonable self-defence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reversing a jury's verdict in a motor vehicle accident case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a plaintiff to allege intentional or malicious conduct?


Ontario, Canada

Is a court presumed to have followed the applicable law when exercising its discretion to reinstate a defendant on probation?


California, United States of America

What is the history of an application to have an administrator appointed on the basis that the Kwans are attempting to thwart repair attempts?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the definition of a disability under the Social Security Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is section 47(b) of the California Civil Code (e.g. privacy protection act) applicable to eavesdropping?


California, United States of America

Is a subpoena issued against a corporate entity valid?


California, United States of America

Does the statute of limitations apply to sexual assault?


California, United States of America

Can an employer force employees to bring their cars to work, knowing they will be driving home from work, and nevertheless effectively encouraged them to drink and drive without limit?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a challenge to the sufficiency of evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What factors will a court consider when determining the quantum of a defendant's inability to pay the statutory minimum fine for gross negligence?


California, United States of America

What is the presumption of knowledge of importation drawn from the fact of possession of heroin?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for overturning a decision by the Federal Trade Commission?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a fireman's rule valid in the abstract?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admitting an unsworn written statement made 2-and-a-half weeks after the accident?


British Columbia, Canada

Does an insurer have a duty to act in good faith by stipulating that a settlement pursuant to a "deems expedient" clause in a personal injury policy is not enforceable?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to grant a defendant a new sentencing hearing?


California, United States of America

What are partial indemnity costs for each Respondent?


Ontario, Canada

Are there any differences in distinctiveness between the ZERO NINETEEN and Design?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the meaning of the term “immediate hazard” for left turning drivers?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the evidentiary significance of statements by a party recorded in a clinical record?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there authority for the proposition that a lien survives if it is removed by the sheriff under execution or distress?


Alberta, Canada

How have the courts interpreted the principle in Rylands v Fletcher?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for a record de novo review on appeal?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a court treat contraband cigarette trafficking as a specific intent crime?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for interpretation of a commercial contract where the contract states that the contract is not a "contract with respect to the context or factual matrix"?


Ontario, Canada

Does a statement of decision need to be made after trial of a factual issue?


California, United States of America

Is a firearm restriction mandatory even when a court imposes a protective order based solely on nonviolent behavior?


California, United States of America

What is the test for abuse of discretion in determining relevancy and admissibility of evidence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a case of disparate treatment based on sex discrimination?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant be convicted of two counts of hit-and-run with injury?


California, United States of America

How do we review an award of attorney's fees for abuse of discretion?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for paying the filing fee in a civil action?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the burden of proving a party has waived their right to arbitrate?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a plaintiff’s injuries are divisible or indivisible?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for admitting or excluding evidence in a probation revocation hearing?


California, United States of America

Does a finding that a house was inhabited at the time of the burglary incorporate into the finding that another person was present?


California, United States of America

Is a prosecutor improperly vouching for the credibility of an arresting officer?


California, United States of America

Can abuse of discretion be used to exclude otherwise relevant evidence?


California, United States of America

Is there a difference between assault with a firearm and reckless discharge from a motor vehicle?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of section 2900.5 of the California Criminal Code on time spent in presentence custody on unproven charges?


California, United States of America

Does a jury have to agree unanimously on specific overt acts in order to convict a defendant under a conspiracy theory?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proving that a section of the California Civil Code is vague?


California, United States of America

Does the fact that a director of a corporation have a say in the defence of unconscionability or non est factum?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for admissible evidence in a personal injury case where a notebook containing information about an alleged abortion was found in a cupboard beside a telephone?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the appropriate sentence for a defendant who pleaded no contest to counts 10 and 11 in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether an order for monetary sanctions is an abuse of discretion?


California, United States of America

Does a finding on standing and the statute of limitations in the Killackey Action constitute an alternative to the earlier judgment?


California, United States of America

Does a difference of opinion between a physician and the prisoner constitute deliberate indifference?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the legal tests for determining whether a third party has a duty to exercise ordinary care not to injure another person?


California, United States of America

Can an employee request a public hearing under section 54957 of the California Human Rights Code where they are charged with misconduct?


California, United States of America

What is the test used to determine whether a person obstructs a police investigation?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a jury to determine whether a defendant has a right to use excessive force in self-defense?


California, United States of America

Is a plaintiff entitled to a claim for contribution from a defendant who has paid more than his equal share?


California, United States of America

What is the definition of a so-called "super strike" crime?


California, United States of America

What is the test for knowingly or intentionally manufacturing, distributing, or possessing, a controlled substance?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the right and the wrong instructions?


California, United States of America

In assessing the evidence with respect to irreparable harm, does the court have to rely only on admissible evidence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing jurisdiction in the jurisdiction of a party who has deserted his wife?


Alberta, Canada

How have courts in BC assessed credibility?


British Columbia, Canada

What is a latent defect in a property and what is a patent defect?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for assessing credibility of a witness?


Ontario, Canada

What is the impact of disclosure requests in medical malpractice cases?


Ontario, Canada

What are the elements of assault with a firearm?


California, United States of America

Is a beneficiary of the deceased's Will entitled to bring a claim pursuant to the WVA to challenge the Will?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the standard of care of a gynecologist and obstetrician?


Ontario, Canada

What is the range of damages for loss of enjoyment of life and loss of amenities?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for dismissing a pro se complaint for failure to state a claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of appellate review for determining the sufficiency of evidence in a juvenile case?


California, United States of America

Is a plaintiff's lawyer entitled to premium fees as a part of a settlement?


Ontario, Canada

Can a defendant be found guilty of the attempted murder of victims who were not his primary target?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on cross-admissibility?


California, United States of America

Is affidavit evidence from a decision maker admissible on judicial review?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for serious impairment in a plaintiff's daily life?


Ontario, Canada

Does the collateral benefit principle apply directly to a per quod action?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the legal test for establishing that there is substantial evidence to support the judgment?


California, United States of America

Is a defendant's sister-in-law who is on trial for a capital murder trial failing to disclose that she is a victim of the crime?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the burden of proof in a murder case?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of obtaining judicial notice of a motion?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a claimant achieved substantial success in a family law case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for finding that a search of a defendant's backpack was unreasonable under the Fourth Amendment?


California, United States of America

What is the proper approach under s. 17 to variation of existing orders?


Alberta, Canada

Does a union member have the right to record his union disciplinary proceedings against him?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have the courts treated evidence of criminal gang activity at trial?


California, United States of America

In a personal injury action, does defendant have a right to appeal against the imposition of a non-penal penalty for failing to pay the penalty?


California, United States of America

What is the test for calculating a loss of pecuniary value in a personal injury assessment?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the current state of the law on the hearsay rule for business tax invoices?


Alberta, Canada

How has the court interpreted the opinion of the Court of Appeal in deciding whether a retraction was published as conspicuously as a defamatory statement?


California, United States of America

Is there a right by a corporation to recover profits from a third party who used inside information to their own advantage?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the proper remedy to test the jurisdiction of the trial court in a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

What are the requirements for punitive or exemplary damages under section 16 and 65 of the Criminal Procedure Act?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Is a visa officer's manager entitled to disagree with an officer's recommendation if the visa officer has not conducted an oral interview?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What constitutes a gang-related criminal activity?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a joint family venture?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Does failing to register as a sex offender constitute a cruel and unusual punishment?


California, United States of America

Is there any meritless argument that the presence of a camera in the courtroom affects the ability of the jury to decide the case?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a police officer conduct an in-custody interrogation?


California, United States of America

What is the test for discrimination under s. 15 of the Charter?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Is there any case law supporting the doctrine of affirmative action in the context of sexual assault?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have courts considered medical malpractice cases in the past?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a habeas corpus hearing included in the proceedings in which an indigent criminal defendant is entitled to appointed counsel?


California, United States of America

Does an Indictment charging a defendant as a principal in a sexual assault case extend a Defendant's basis of liability?


"New York", United States of America

What is the impact of a mathematical application based on the Fadelle v.Fadelle case?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Is there sufficient evidence to overturn a conviction for violating the Clean Air Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for denying a substantially successful party's costs?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the initial burden of establishing a genuine issue of material fact?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is one spouse able to replace the home on their own than the other?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for establishing an assessment district?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an inquiry into whether a building scheme has become obsolete?


British Columbia, Canada