Alexi purple

Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


Can a co-conspirator's possession of a gun warrant imposition of the 2D1.1(b)(1) enhancement?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is our position on liability in a motor vehicle accident case?


"New York", United States of America

Can a judge recuse himself from hearing a case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the impact of fines, fines, chasing down of taxes that may never be collected?


Ontario, Canada

How has the court considered subjective evidence in determining whether an air conditioner is too loud?


British Columbia, Canada

Does interference with the grievance process implicate the First Amendment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing probable cause in a civil case?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted the phrase "sudden and accidental" in pollution exclusion clauses?


California, United States of America

Does a federal district court have jurisdiction to dismiss a motion for failure to state a claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for estimating damages in an action for breach of an engagement to replace stock?


Saskatchewan, Canada

In what circumstances will a defendant be charged with perjury in falsely testifying that he does not remember certain criminal acts?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Can photocopies, faxes and research be claimed in an assessment of costs between the parties?


Ontario, Canada

What is the case law on spousal support for unmarried same-sex couples?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the delay in making a motion to compel arbitration in a personal injury case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How has the substantial evidence test been interpreted by the courts?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to challenge the sufficiency of an indictment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the propriety of a trial court commenting upon the guilt of the accused?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted the word "knowingly" in the context of Section 2244(b) of the Criminal Code?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for civil rule 60(b) in dental malpractice cases?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Do allegations of deliberate indifference in medical malpractice constitute deliberate indifference?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can Epps avoid a finding that he did not possess the handgun specified in the indictment under section 924(c) of the Civil Rights Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What factors must be considered when assessing reasonable and probable grounds?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the test for a plaintiff to sue for damages under the Fourth Amendment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the meaning of section 667(d)(3)(C) of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining the appropriate amount of spousal support?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a restrictive covenant on adjoining land automatically pass to the next owner of the land?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Does a party have to submit a sufficient amount of evidence to get approval of a settlement of the claims of a person under disability?


Ontario, Canada

What is the effect of a court's failure to obtain an express waiver of the privilege against self-incrimination?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a right to exclude someone from trespassing on private property?


California, United States of America

What is the test for invoking Rule 2(d) of the Rules of Court?


British Columbia, Canada

What factors must be considered to determine whether a defendant is a first-time offender?


California, United States of America

What is the likelihood of violence against a family member?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for intent to murder?


California, United States of America

How has the fact of defendant's probation been excluded from the facts of the crime?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant have a right to appeal a final judgment of conviction?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant bring an appeal against the finding of misconduct against a prosecutor?


California, United States of America

Is pimping and pandering a crime of moral turpitude?


California, United States of America

What is the test for abuse of a trial court's rulings on the admissibility of evidence?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the Court grant leave to appeal ref’d?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a recommended treatment would have improved the symptoms?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for certifying a decision by the Commissioner of Health and Social Services denying benefits de novo?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does section 360.5 of the California Statute of limitations bar a plaintiff from bringing a claim against the statute of limitations?


California, United States of America

Does the strong prima facie case test apply to a restrictive covenant affecting employment?


Alberta, Canada

Is an addition or subtraction of 1% or 2% of an officer's work required to be performed in order to meet the volume of the duties required for the officer to perform the same amount of work?


California, United States of America

How has the Disbrow Court ever been persuaded of the unsoundness of the Harris-Nudd rule?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to suppress under the Fourth Amendment?


California, United States of America

What rights, if any, does a defendant have to cross-examine a witness in a trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will child support increases with increases in income?


Ontario, Canada

Can an insurance company make allegations of arson?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for establishing that a shooting was committed in association with a criminal street gang?


California, United States of America

Is a plaintiff entitled to a "in trust" award for the services rendered by the victim's wife in a medical malpractice case?


British Columbia, Canada

What factors have been applied to determine the appropriate forum in a personal injury action?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for terminating a parent's parental rights?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to dismiss an application for damages for copyright infringement?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the phrase "as a result of" in a motor vehicle accident apply to a section of the Motor Vehicle Accident Act?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant withdraw a guilty plea based on alleged coercion for abuse of discretion?


California, United States of America

How does the Court of Appeal treat a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence to support a judgment?


California, United States of America

What is the appropriate order for a mandatory injunction to remove or modify a structure in a residential development?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the definition of a roadway and what is the effect of it?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the evidentiary burden to prove that a statute has a discriminatory effect on interstate commerce?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the difference between compensation and non-compensatory support?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a plaintiff entitled to services that are not available to them?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for common sense in the context of the reasonable doubt standard?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of an order requiring an independent review of the record in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

How have the terms "willfully", "deliberately" and "with premeditation" been defined in the context of the allegation of premeditated murder?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a plaintiff to bring a claim for relief under Section 1983 of the Civil Procedure Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for abuse of discretion when dealing with a petition under section 17200?


California, United States of America

What is the result of an application for unpaid legal fees?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the burden of proving that defendant intends to rely on section 482?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for trustworthiness of a witness?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for determining whether the Human Rights Tribunal of BC has jurisdiction to hear a human rights complaint against the respondent?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there any evidence supporting the allegation that a lender was a participant in the fraudulent scheme?


Alberta, Canada

When will an application for a stay of a deportation order be heard outside of the country?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for reversing findings of fact?


Saskatchewan, Canada

When is the statute of limitations for an action at law?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for making a report of an auditor prima facie evidence at trial before a jury?


California, United States of America

In reviewing a denial of a motion to suppress evidence, what is the test for determining whether a search or seizure under the Fourth Amendment was reasonable?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of establishing that a plaintiff has engaged in a prohibited activity?


California, United States of America

What are the non-applicable Mitigating Factors in determining whether a defendant lacked remorse?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a parent's right to separate their children from the other parent?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the "single subject rule" applicable to initiatives?


California, United States of America

Does a retaliatory search or seizure violate the Fourth Amendment rights of a civilly committed individual?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining interim child support?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a plaintiff’s claim of causation in a medical malpractice case is based on the risk factors associated with increased risk of adverse effects?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the victim's testimony that the first few times she "pulled" her hand towards her penis towards his penis and "guided her hand to show her what to do" constitute substantial evidence of the force component of an aggravated lewd act?


California, United States of America

Is there sufficient evidence of malice to support an inference of intent to kill?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion for a mistrial under the deferential abuse of discretion standard?


California, United States of America

What are some cases where a defendant has been convicted of torturing a witness?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that a Defendant is a member of a criminal gang?


California, United States of America

What is a plea bargain between a defendant and a prosecutor?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that an appeal is not a hearing de novo?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Does the harmless error doctrine apply on appeal from a guilty plea entered following a denial of a motion to suppress evidence?


California, United States of America

What are the costs and attorney's fees awarded to plaintiff at trial and on appeal?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reasonable apprehension of bias in an administrative review?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Does an employer have an associational disability?


California, United States of America

What is the burden on the first step of the anti-SLAPP analysis?


California, United States of America

Is there a cause of action for damages for a breach of the OHSA workplace investigation provisions?


Ontario, Canada

Does a defendant have a right to fair notice of the allegations that will be invoked to increase the punishment for his crimes?


California, United States of America

What is the scope of behaviour modification in a class action?


Ontario, Canada

When a defendant is convicted of a charge of assault with intent to pervert the course of justice in a criminal case, is he entitled to full custody credit in the felony case?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on warrantless arrest?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is erroneous failure to instruct on a lesser included offense subject to harmless error review?


California, United States of America

Is a trial court's failure to adequately answer a jury's question under section 1138 subject to the prejudice standard of People v Watson?


California, United States of America

Is a bare trustee not entitled to demand indemnification from an indemnification before complying with a request to transfer the trust property?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there any case law where a defendant relied on a decision by the Court of Appeal of California Superior Court in the absence of evidence?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a jury agree that the appellant was guilty of receiving stolen property?


California, United States of America

What is the scope of a search warrant for a child pornography offence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

When will a court impose a duty of care based on the totality of the circumstances?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a conviction of conspiracy to commit murder?


California, United States of America

Does a motion to sever from a conviction for murder be properly denied?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a pedestrian was at fault for failing to cross the road at high speed?


Alberta, Canada

What is a final order dismissing a complaint but not the underlying action?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a defendant have to prove that he or his co-conspirator had knowledge or foreseeability of drug dealing?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does defendant have any grounds to waive a jury trial by acting as his own counsel?


California, United States of America

What are the limits on the jurisdiction of the inferior courts in common law?


"New York", United States of America

How does the law of inference of identity work when there are similarities between an uncharged and charged crime?


California, United States of America

Can foreseeability be limited in the law of torts?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will a defendant respond to an allegation of sexual assault?


California, United States of America

Can the existence of a constitutional amendment justify the denial of leave to amend?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for proving an undue hardship?


Alberta, Canada

What is the current test for striking out pleadings under Rule 129 of the Rules of Civil Procedure?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for a reasonable suspicion of assault?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on sexual assault in prison?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for overturning a finding of insufficient evidence in a child endangerment case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for corroboration in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the substantial evidence required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Does Starbucks have an obligation to compensate employees for the hours they spend in the office?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How has the Court in England and Wales assessed the final stage of the Court of Appeal's final assessment?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a judge of the credibility of the affidavits filed in support of the application for a preliminary injunction?


California, United States of America

When will a court order a defendant to work to pay their attorney fees?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will an official not be in a conflict after observing that the official was not a member of the group whose application was before council?


British Columbia, Canada

Does section 1061 of the Code of Civil Procedure allow the trial court to refuse to render a declaratory judgment?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant be convicted of resisting an unlawful arrest under section 148 of the California Penal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the state of the law on warrantless searches?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a bank manager who advances money in a family context?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for informed consent in medical malpractice cases?


California, United States of America

On what grounds can a judge refuse to grant a conditional discharge?


California, United States of America

What are the cumulative effect of the trial court's alleged omissions by trial counsel and alleged deficiencies in the evidentiary evidence?


California, United States of America

Can a court order a charging order against costs of a contempt application?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a police officer proceed into a intersection with all emergency equipment?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will a trustee be liable to the beneficiaries of a trust for failing to keep accurate accounts?


California, United States of America

What are the pleadings in a notice of civil claim?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a solicitor be found to have imparted confidential information to a client for another solicitor?


Ontario, Canada

What is the effect of Proposition 47 on a defendant who would have been convicted of a misdemeanor under Section 36 of the California Penal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for "premeditated" murder?


California, United States of America

Does the Attorney General have authority to suspend or adjust the status of a deportable alien based on an aggravated felony or narcotics conviction?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a claim of ineffective assistance more appropriately decided in a habeas corpus proceeding?


California, United States of America

Does the Attorney General have any authority to challenge a finding that a defendant has to pay a booking fee?


California, United States of America

What is the balancing process under s. 15 of the Criminal Code of Canada?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for evidence of prior driving conduct in a second-degree murder case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the Attorney General have jurisdiction to issue a new Miranda waiver?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a property owner's right to sue for damages caused to the property?


California, United States of America

What is the test for denying services under section 361.5(b)(2) of the California Mental Health Act?


California, United States of America

Is a property owner entitled to a judicial reference fee in an eminent domain action?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law in England or Canada where a last redemption day is fixed in the same way as the last redemption date?


British Columbia, Canada

What remedies are available to recall an officer for failing to remove a label/sticker from a vehicle?


Ontario, Canada

What is the standard of review of an application by a prothonotary?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Is there any case law in which a trial judge erred in directing a verdict of acquittal on the basis solely of the initial identification evidence?


Canada (Federal), Canada

How have the courts interpreted the terms of a rental agreement where the rent is subject to additional taxes?


Alberta, Canada

Is there any case law in which a murder conviction is invalid?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admissible evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

Is it ineffective assistance of counsel for the purposes of denying a motion to suppress an assault weapon?


California, United States of America

How has the Attorney General argued for a voluntary manslaughter instruction in a motor vehicle accident case?


California, United States of America

Can a statement by a declarant who is unavailable as a witness at trial be admitted as a declaration against interest?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to convict a person of voluntary manslaughter?


California, United States of America

Does a husband's right of survivorship affect property held by husband and wife as tenants by the entirety?


"New York", United States of America

What is the procedure for entering default in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a claim of undue hardship under the Child Support Guidelines?


New Brunswick, Canada

What circumstances would justify a Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness following a prior decision of the same court?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the mental state required for proof of attempted murder?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for making a left turning driver to prove that they started turning when it is safe to do so?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a fatal head injury was caused by multiple blunt force injuries to the head?


California, United States of America

Is the evidence sufficient to support the findings of the Superior Court?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on costs in family law cases?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the current state of the law on warrantless searches under the Fourth Amendment?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reversal of a finding of guilty beyond a reasonable doubt?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of an employer's response to a serious sexual assault on an employee?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is an applicant qualified to work in that occupation in Canada?


Canada (Federal), Canada

In what circumstances will the Court consider the sufficiency of evidence in determining whether the evidence was sufficient to prevent or dissuade a victim or witness from reporting a crime?


California, United States of America

What is the test for instructing a jury on provocation in a second degree murder case?


California, United States of America

Is there a distinction between the use of a firearm and the possession of the firearm?


California, United States of America

Does Section 1237.5 require a certificate of probable cause?


California, United States of America

What is the statute of limitations for breach of fiduciary duty?


California, United States of America

Is a failure to give the requested instructions on voluntary manslaughter a harmless error?


California, United States of America

Can a witness refuse to give evidence in a civil proceeding where the answers might incriminate him in future criminal proceedings?


California, United States of America

What is the initial burden of making a claim for unfair dismissal?


California, United States of America

Does a parent's absence from a section 366.26 hearing affect the outcome of the hearing?


California, United States of America

How have the courts in India considered the issue of non-compensation and compensatory support for the purposes of spousal support?


British Columbia, Canada

How is the quantification of the loss flowing from depletion of sick leave benefits?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the deadlines for agreeing costs for a motion?


Ontario, Canada

Can a plaintiff recover damages if he loses his right to sue a third party for negligence?


California, United States of America

How has the court treated a juror's bias claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for undue hardship under the Income Tax Guidelines?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the legal test for non-compensationary support for a plaintiff in a personal injury case?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a medical examiner have a limited duty to diagnose and treat a patient in the absence of medical treatment?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test to overcome forfeiture in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for probable cause in a search for illegal drugs?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the trial court combine charges of first-degree murder and escape from custody?


California, United States of America

What is the scope of review of judgment in this small claims case?


"New York", United States of America

Is there a cause of action?


British Columbia, Canada