What is the test for confusion in a trade mark?

Canada (Federal), Canada

The following excerpt is from Rent-A-Nerd Computer Services Inc v Rent-A-Geek Computer Services Ltd, 2011 TMOB 171 (CanLII):

The test for confusion is one of first impression and imperfect recollection, as noted by Mr. Justice Denault in Pernod Ricard v. Molson Breweries (1992) 44 C.P.R. (3d) 359 at 369 (F.C.T.D.): The test of confusion is one of first impression. The trade marks should be examined from the point of view of the average consumer having a general and not a precise recollection of the earlier mark. Consequently, the marks should not be dissected or subjected to a microscopic analysis with a view to assessing their similarities and differences. Rather, they should be looked at in their totality and assessed for their effect on the average consumer as a whole.

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