How does a p-value affect the reliability of a report?

The size of the study can affect the calculation of the p-value, because, as noted above, the larger the size of the sample, the more reliable the report. Thus, a study comparing 100 cases and 100 controls might have a p-value of 0.07, which would not be a statistically significant result, but if the study had been twice as large and reported the same outcomes, the p-value would be lower, say 0.01, which would indicate that the outcomes were statistically significant. (This example is taken from Rothwell v. Raes, supra at para. 70.)