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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


Is a retroactive payment of income from July 2003 a family asset?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for sustaining a finding of fact in dismissing a charge?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admissible evidence in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether an expert can be found competent to provide evidence in a mental health case?


California, United States of America

Are supervisory personnel involved in civil rights violations?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is sufficient evidence to convict a drug dealer of a drug trafficking charge?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a triable issue of material fact exists?


California, United States of America

Can an alien who alleges procedural errors at the Department of the INS bring a claim against the INS?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have the courts interpreted jury instructions in cases involving gang members?


California, United States of America

How have courts dealt with the appointment of a former deputy public defender as a bench officer?


California, United States of America

Is a third strike offender deemed ineligible for resentencing under Proposition 36 because he is a felon in possession of a firearm?


California, United States of America

How has the doctrine of unjust enrichment been interpreted in the context of employment pension law?


Ontario, Canada

How have courts interpreted "substantial evidence" in the context of jury instructions on a lesser included offence?


California, United States of America

Can a plaintiff bring a civil action against a nonentity?


California, United States of America

What is the test for provocation in a case of malice murder?


California, United States of America

Does the "narrow proportionality principle" apply to non-capital sentences?


California, United States of America

What is the test for the concept of salvage in the section 145(1) of the Criminal Code?


British Columbia, Canada

Under what circumstances would a defendant be required to pay expenses?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Can the police enter an apartment under warrant to search and arrest an accused?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Can an agreement after the fact waive a jury in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to have a pleading struck out?


Ontario, Canada

What is the standard of review for a personal injury claim?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for an award of compensatory spousal support in a long-term marriage?


British Columbia, Canada

How have courts dealt with the issue of a fraudulent charge or mortgage in favor of a creditor?


Ontario, Canada

What is the standard of review for an order under R. 9-5(1)?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the right of public access to the courts?


Ontario, Canada

What constitutes a search and seizure of a digital scale?


California, United States of America

Does the definition of "cruel" apply to torture?


California, United States of America

Can a court joinder a carjacking, kidnapping for robbery for the same crime?


California, United States of America

What are the legal principles for variation and review?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a search warrant be used to search a person's home?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for exclusion of witnesses from testimony in a sexual assault trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of review on appeal when a defendant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to support his conviction?


California, United States of America

Is there a binding agreement to accept priority by one insurer?


Ontario, Canada

How have courts interpreted the definition of assault with a deadly weapon?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to strike out a pleading?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a warrant to arrest a suspect in a murder case?


California, United States of America

What are the implications of a husband's claim that his wife’s income and assets are equal to that of his assets?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for "abuse of discretion" in the impeachment process?


California, United States of America

What is the test to stay a custody order?


Ontario, Canada

Can a farmer be said to have permitted a fire to have escaped from his land?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Does a right of privacy attach to a matter that has been publicly released?


California, United States of America

What are the principles of equity in real estate law?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for habeas relief on a prosecutorial misconduct claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

If an individual unequivocally, freely and intelligently gives consent to a search of his person, is that consent a violation of his constitutional right?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of undercover officers' subterfuge in the course of a criminal investigation on a defendant's confession?


California, United States of America

Is a juror who has had negative contact with the criminal justice system entitled to be excused?


California, United States of America

When can a Fourth Amendment claim be dismissed on the merits of the federal district court?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the statute of limitations in legal malpractice actions?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of conduct in a personal injury case?


Ontario, Canada

Does a mortgage with attornation clause in the mortgage law apply to a mortgage where the mortgage is not attornment clause?


Ontario, Canada

What is the net worth of an individual who is not carrying on a business?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Is a father's claim that the court's order granting mother sole legal and physical custody of their children violates his right to see his children?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of an ex post facto violation of the formerly applicable sentencing provisions in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is due diligence shown by the prosecution in its search for a witness?


California, United States of America

Is a jury presumed to have followed the judge's instructions?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How does the Court of Appeal review a trial court's decision on a disqualification motion?


California, United States of America

How have the courts treated the error in an affidavit and "Statement of Probable Cause" in issuing a search warrant?


California, United States of America

Are confrontation rights not violated at a revocation hearing?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does good cause need to be established for the authorization of a night search warrant?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant bring a motion for continuance or additional time to prepare for a motion?


California, United States of America

Is voluntary payment of support postpones the commencement of the limitation period contained in the definition of spouse by reason of reason of a confirmation of the cause of action?


British Columbia, Canada

Can an individual guarantor interpose the defense of usury?


"New York", United States of America

Can a lawyer be found to have dated an affidavit six weeks later than it was actually sworn?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a party have the burden of proving its claim to subject matter jurisdiction?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining reasonable attorney fees in a personal injury case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to restrain the misappropriation of funds from the state treasury?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a court order that a spouse's allocation of pre-tax corporate income between family purposes be assessed for fairness by an impartial tribunal?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a violation of the Municipal nuisance ordinance constitute a public nuisance?


California, United States of America

What is the proper approach to assessing the cost of a lawyer/litigant?


British Columbia, Canada

Can an appellant waive his right to attack error by agreeing at trial to the ruling or procedure objected to on appeal?


California, United States of America

What is the test for tort of misrepresentation?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a plaintiff assert a hostile work environment claim based on race?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the cut-off date for discovery and motions in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of appellate review of a motion to suppress?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a tortfeasor to sue the Kentucky Department of Justice for a breach of the Fourteenth Amendment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for admitting identification evidence at a criminal trial?


California, United States of America

What are the legal standards for a pro se litigant's pleadings?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the consequences of section 113A of the Criminal Code in s. 113A?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for ordering a state prisoner to reimburse his or her attorney?


California, United States of America

What is the test for summary adjudication of a plaintiff's conversion claim?


California, United States of America

What is the test for detention of a person who has been arrested under the Mental Health Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a parent's reason for moving to another parent's home not a factor in determining whether or not they were a custodial parent?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the difference between a deposit receipt and a membership book?


Alberta, Canada

Is it an abuse of due process to deny notice to a defendant in a criminal RICO proceeding?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a supplier liable for failing to warn the purchaser that their product is dangerous?


California, United States of America

Does the California Supreme Court have authority to interpret the meaning of the California Civil Code as "plain meaning"?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a joint account is held in trust for the estate of a deceased joint account holder?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a finding of bias at the Superior Court of Justice?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What are the defences of qualified privilege and fair comment?


Yukon, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a search or seizure under the Fourth Amendment is reasonable?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a corporation be able to sue its former attorney?


California, United States of America

Can a Defendant assert all defenses and counterclaims that would be available to the Defendant in a claim against the Owner of the Claim?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a tort claim under the Federal Tort Claims Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a police officer to invoke the emergency aid exception?


California, United States of America

What is the test for set-off as a defence?


Alberta, Canada

What is the effect of the Court of Appeal's consideration of an order made on an affidavit in support of an Order?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a prosecutor's reasons are sufficient in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Is a superior court's ruling on a motion for discretionary relief under section 473, subdivision (b) of the California Civil Code reviewed on appeal for abuse of discretion?


California, United States of America

When a partner dies, does he have a say in the distribution of the firm assets?


"New York", United States of America

What is the effect of R. 57 of the double costs rule on an offer to settle?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for establishing that an official record is trustworthy?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of age on a claim for damages?


California, United States of America

Are there any cases where the court has found that a corporation has been found to be acting in a fiduciary manner?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the doctrine of forfeiting a defendant's argument in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Can a section of a municipal by-law containing cumulative penalties be quashed?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a criminal conviction under section 2113(a) of the Civil Code of Civil Procedure when a plaintiff is injured in a motor vehicle accident?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of review for a motion to overturn a conviction of first-degree murder?


California, United States of America

Is a limitation period expired prior to the issuance of a statement of claim?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for sentencing a defendant to a reduced sentence and placing him on probation?


California, United States of America

Is a variation of a child support order going back to 2011?


British Columbia, Canada

What is sufficient to support a conviction if any rational juror could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a District Attorney bring a writ of prohibition against the District Attorney for failing to produce evidence before a grand jury?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for heat of passion, unreasonable self-defense and sudden quarrel/heat of passion?


California, United States of America

Can a bank's action in agreeing not to rank might discharge the sureties?


Ontario, Canada

Is this sidewalk on a private property subject to First Amendment protection due to its dedication?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will the court apply the rule of common law to public highways?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the impact of a motor vehicle accident on a defendant's probation?


California, United States of America

Can a plaintiff amend their complaint as a matter of course in response to an anti-SLAPP motion?


California, United States of America

When will a court order a contextual analysis in the context of a claim?


Prince Edward Island, Canada

What is the test for determining sufficiency of evidence to support a conviction?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of poor memory and inability to produce an accurate account of the work he had done since his injury?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for abuse of a district court's refusal to appoint counsel?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the state of the law in relation to discovery?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for making a specific objection on Miranda grounds at the trial level?


California, United States of America

What are the rights of the in propria persona litigant?


California, United States of America

Can a police officer search a car with a flashlight?


Saskatchewan, Canada

How have courts dealt with the issue of loss of composure in closing argument?


California, United States of America

What is the de minimis nature of the welfare fraud committed by the prosecution witness?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a jury have a duty to instruct sua sponte on the principles of law that are closely and openly connected with the facts before the jury?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a construction contract?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the meaning of the RICO conspiracy statute and what is the scope of the conspiracy?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a defendant appeal against his conviction and sentence for failing to comply with the registration requirements of a motor vehicle dealer?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a defendant is competent to stand trial?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law in which a conviction for assault has been overturned on the grounds that there is no case law error?


California, United States of America

What is the law of common law of torts in relation to civil rights violations?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the case law around sentencing procedures and sentencing procedures?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for admissible evidence in a motion for a rehearing?


California, United States of America

In the context of s. 957(1) of the Municipal Corporations Act, can the City of Vancouver be found to be a vendor of land that is subject to a re-zoning application?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the burden of proving the elements of an alleged sentence enhancement beyond a reasonable doubt?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for a motion for attorney's fees?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a plaintiff to prove that they were intentionally negligent in a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

Does the anti-SLAPP provisions of section 425.16, subdivision (e) of the California Anti-SLPP Act protect a police officer who makes a statement on his own behalf?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on termination of an at-will employment relationship?


"New York", United States of America

Can a defence be struck if the facts are proven as proven?


Ontario, Canada

Can a municipality bring a claim against council members for unauthorized actions where property has been converted?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for a motion to challenge the veracity of statements in an affidavit of probable cause?


California, United States of America

How have instructions been interpreted in a motor vehicle accident case?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a judge reverse himself if he later concludes he was wrong?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to strike a cause of action arising from a statement made before or in connection with a legally authorized official proceeding?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted the meaning of words in a libel case?


Saskatchewan, Canada

How have the courts interpreted the instruction on "intension" and "purpose" in relation to torture?


California, United States of America

Can the court use its power to control the abuse of the court’s process by litigants pursuing vexatious applications?


British Columbia, Canada

How have courts dealt with child abuse registries' failure to properly identify children as potential victims?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a prosecutor commit reversible misconduct if he or she makes use of 'deceptive or reprehensible methods' when attempting to persuade either the trial court or the jury?


California, United States of America

What evidence does defendant need to support his claim that he aimed at the officer before he shot and killed the officer?


California, United States of America

When a search warrant was issued for a van containing a duffel bag containing what is believed to be a large quantity of marijuana, is there probable cause to search the vehicle and its contents?


California, United States of America

What is the appropriate penalty for gross misconduct by the Law Society of Upper Canada?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for admitting impeachment evidence in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law where a police officer can't distinguish who was driving the car?


California, United States of America

What are contingencies when calculating an award for loss of earning capacity?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a claim of prosecutorial misconduct in a death penalty case?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of a jury's comments on a defendant's failure to testify on the night of the trial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a multiple of costs award for serious party misconduct?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for refusing to allow an inquiry into whether a later will should be admitted to probate?


Canada (Federal), Canada

In what circumstances will a mother be able to give birth to a child by one parent?


Ontario, Canada

Does a driver who backed his truck into a pedestrian who bent over and bent over to pick up her cell phone, causing her injury?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a director to be liable for a loss of business judgment under the business judgment rule?


California, United States of America

When a preliminary search of a car found seeds in the back of the vehicle found to contain marijuana seeds, is the preliminary search valid?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a stale warrant?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the findings of an independent review of the record?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proof required to establish that a deceased would have earned income in the future?


Alberta, Canada

Can an applicant be denied entry to the United States if they fail to produce proper documentation?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the meaning of the phrase "any action to recover damages arising out of the operation or use of a motor vehicle"?


California, United States of America

Is there any evidence that there was conspiracy to murder James "Jock" Jones?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does plaintiff have to rely on the Fourteenth Amendment for medical care?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the implications of a long-term, long term relationship on the property of a person who is not in a marriage?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Does a union have a valid claim to arbitrator when a temporary position is posted?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the exclusion of psychiatric evidence in a criminal case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the meaning of the term "confidential" in the California Penal Code?


California, United States of America

What are the relevant statutory references to the Penal Code in the context of sexual assault cases?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion for a judgment of acquittal based on the alleged insufficiency of the evidence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for making a tortfeasor pay for a plaintiff’s pre-existing mental illness?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for discovery of a police officer's personnel file?


California, United States of America

Does a party who attacks a will by alleging fraud have the burden of proving the will invalid on a balance of probabilities?


Ontario, Canada

What are the elements required to establish a cause of action for quasi-specific performance of an oral contract?


California, United States of America

What are the elements of a cause of action for intentional infliction of emotional distress?


California, United States of America

What authority does the Court have to order attorney's fees for the adverse party in a domestic relations case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to have a defendant's criminal record reviewed at sentencing?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of care provided by the courts for a child in a separation?


Ontario, Canada

Is a defendant's lack of trust in an appointed attorney sufficient to compel appointment of a substitute counsel?


California, United States of America

Is a published decision of this court binding on lower courts within the 9th Circuit?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the time and cost of a Registrar's hearing need to be justified?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the meaning of "applicable law" apply to all applicable state and federal laws?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that a plaintiff has a legal interest in a property in controversy?


California, United States of America

What is the test for delivering a late jury notice?


Ontario, Canada

What is the purpose of section 71 of the New York State Code of Civil Procedure?


"New York", United States of America

Does a defendant have to waive his right to a jury to appeal his conviction on appeal of a jury selection error?


California, United States of America

How have the courts dealt with a motion for personal injury in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

Is a front desk critical to the operation of a resort a violation of a covenant of trust?


British Columbia, Canada