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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


Does the deadline for establishing a single-judge division of superior courts extend to all counties?


California, United States of America

What common law principles apply to the grand jury?


California, United States of America

Does a doorbell and deadbolts need to be installed in a separate unit of a home?


California, United States of America

What is the appropriate standard of review for the purpose of determining whether a claim has been successful at the Court of Appeal?


Alberta, Canada

Can a criminal charge of negligent non-compliance with section 3161(b) of the Criminal Code be dismissed without prejudice?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances would the courts intervene in a shareholder dispute?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for s. 7 of the Canadian Charter of Human Rights?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a defendant waive his right to represent himself in court?


California, United States of America

What is the test for eligibility for relief under Proposition 36 even if the applicant was a felon in possession of a firearm?


California, United States of America

Is a step-parent required to pay child support for a child born August 22, 1997?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Can a private cause of action be brought for a violation of Rule 10b-10?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a federal court have the authority to make coercive appointments of counsel in civil proceedings?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the penalty for a conviction of lewd conduct under section 288 of the California Penal Code?


California, United States of America

On a value survived approach, is a party entitled to claim the value of services and other benefits received by the enriched party?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the current state of the law with respect to the proportion of costs awarded to support issues?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a detective to sign an affidavit pursuant to a search warrant?


California, United States of America

What is the test for alleging a conspiracy to commit a crime?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there a sua sponte duty to instruct the jury on accident as a defense?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of claim preclusion on a motion brought by a defendant in a second action?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test of knowledge and approval and testamentary capacity in a Will?


Ontario, Canada

Is a court's order denying relief under section 17(b)(3) for abuse of discretion?


California, United States of America

What factors and principles will be used in this analysis?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the trial court abuse its discretion by failing to properly conduct its duty of care and attention to the facts of the case?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant be found guilty of a charge of possession of cocaine knowingly?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a person suffered a psychological injury?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the leading English cases in this matter?


Alberta, Canada

Does section 654 of the California Criminal Code apply to a defendant convicted of violating a restraining order?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining maintenance in a divorce case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a jury to find a defendant responsible for the discharge of a semiautomatic firearm?


California, United States of America

Is a plaintiff entitled to a claim for past wage loss?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there a bad faith exception to the doctrine of private action?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the reasons why a defendant refused to waive extradition?


California, United States of America

Is cross-examination permitted to delve into the witness's story to test the witness' memory?


California, United States of America

What is the test for implied agency in real estate law?


British Columbia, Canada

Can an agreement for good consideration to extend the time for payment of a principal and interest or both be enforced?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for a decision by summary trial in a personal injury case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for bringing an action against a district attorney in a civil case if the district attorney does not attend the hearing?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for establishing an unconstitutional discrimination against young people in the selection process in the superior court?


California, United States of America

Is caveat emptor enforceable in real estate transactions?


British Columbia, Canada

Is it permissible for a prosecutor to attack the credibility of a witness in a witness testimony?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a contract where the contract is not binding?


Alberta, Canada

What is the burden of proof for the prosecution in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to withdraw from a federal habeas?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does 2 Coulson have to disrobe under the Fourth Amendment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What obligation does a parent have when they fail to return a child to the child's mother?


California, United States of America

What are the consequences of a court finding that a motion brought by Attorney Defendants against Defendant Kendall was "frivolous and/or intended to harass"?


California, United States of America

Is a person who aids and abets a confederate in the commission of a criminal act liable for any other crime that is a natural and probable consequence of the crime?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing "good cause" in a civil case?


California, United States of America

How does language in an easement affect the interpretation of the easement?


California, United States of America

How is loss of earnings calculated when a plaintiff has an established earnings history?


British Columbia, Canada

Do you have to do W.(D) or W.P?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the standard of review on appeals from an order of the judge?


Ontario, Canada

What standard of review applies where a defendant inflicts corporal injury on a former cohabitant?


California, United States of America

Does a contempt finding need to be found?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for a parent who moves to a new location in order to have access to their child?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for waiving the Miranda rights?


California, United States of America

What is the test for negligence in relation to training and supervision in high speed pursuits?


British Columbia, Canada

If plaintiff had retained the home and at the trial date could she say she intended to occupy or retain the home, and if so, would the cost of the home be taken into consideration for damages?


Alberta, Canada

Can a restriction on cross-examination be sustained on the basis of the discretion of the trial court?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proving an oral admonishment of a defendant?


California, United States of America

Does a judge err in declining to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over the remaining state law claims?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for unanimous verdicts in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Is a peace officer entitled to access his personnel file?


California, United States of America

Can a third party claimant be adjudicated as a party in a divorce action?


California, United States of America

How have courts dealt with allegations in a juvenile wardship petition alleging that appellant committed second degree robbery?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a violation of a traffic light is a proximate cause of injury?


California, United States of America

Can a single course of conduct be considered separate for purposes of section 654 of the California Civil Code?


California, United States of America

Does the defense have to provide affidavit evidence as to the names of the witnesses and the purpose and relevance of each witness?


Ontario, Canada

Does the abuse of the standard apply to a motion for a new trial?


California, United States of America

What are the rights of teachers and students to freedom of speech in the classroom?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How has section 667.5(b) of the California Criminal Code been interpreted and interpreted by the courts?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review in a conspiracy case?


California, United States of America

If a new petition is filed before the district court without a decision having been rendered, is it construed as a motion to amend the pending petition?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for calculating the likelihood that a claimant will lose income as a result of an accident?


British Columbia, Canada

How have appellate courts dealt with a notice of appeal and supplemental brief?


California, United States of America

What are the legal principles relating to future care costs?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the range of sentences available to a defendant under section 667.61, subdivision (b) of the Criminal Code of Ontario?


California, United States of America

What is the tender rule in mortgage law?


California, United States of America

Can an employee mitigate their damages by continuing to work with the same employer in the reduced position?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a cost of future care award?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for assessing sufficiency of evidence in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the elements of a positive relationship?


Ontario, Canada

What is the scope of the kill zone theory as it has been interpreted by the intermediate courts of appeal?


California, United States of America

What is substantial evidence supporting the appellant's argument for self-defense?


California, United States of America

Is ignorance of the law sufficient to establish public interest?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a defendant be punished for more than one criminal offence under section 654, subdivision (a) of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

What are the costs of appeal costs for damages awarded to plaintiffs in a personal injury action?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of section 2900.5 of the California Penal Code on a defendant's term of imprisonment?


California, United States of America

What is the current test for the least adjudicated elements test?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a challenged voting practice violates Section 2 of the Civil Rights Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a judge grant a new trial for a juror who disclosed bias?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admitting identification evidence in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What constitutes a material change in circumstances for a temporary placement order?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for relation-back type relief in a medical malpractice case?


California, United States of America

Does the hearsay rule apply to statements admitting gang membership?


California, United States of America

What are the pleadings and reasons for judgment in a case involving a collapsed real estate deal?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there any case law where defense counsel did not raise a hearsay objection to the fact that defendant was convicted of resisting?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of care for a plaintiff in a medical malpractice case?


California, United States of America

In a personal injury action, can a party who sent a letter suggesting a settlement be used as Exhibit K in an affidavit?


Alberta, Canada

What are the implications of the SSAG Guidelines on entitlement in variation applications?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a court have authority to "stay" a restitution order?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proof for the City of Burlington in the case of a pedestrian who was struck by a car while walking on a city sidewalk?


Ontario, Canada

What evidence was sufficient to support a jury's conviction for conspiracy to distribute and possession with intent to distribute methamphetamine?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a probation officer order a restitution order for a defendant who has not objected to the restitution order?


California, United States of America

Is it too late on an application to confirm a sale to apply for further time to redeem?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Does the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) have a right to silence during a review process?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion for offset under the abuse of discretion standard?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant have a right to confront and cross-examine the victim at a restitution hearing?


California, United States of America

What factors will be considered in deciding whether to allow an amendment that sets out a new cause of action?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for determining the validity of a contract?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an officer of the state to violate a collective bargaining agreement?


California, United States of America

Is Natalia Makeeva required to pay the costs of a claim against Andrey Makeev?


Ontario, Canada

What is the standard of review under 5.C. 706(2) of the Federal Maritime Commission?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for an application for leave to terminate a relationship where the application is based on the best interest of the child?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Is there a case for a separate pecuniary award for loss of housekeeping capacity?


British Columbia, Canada

In reviewing a denial of a motion to suppress evidence, what is the test for determining whether a search or seizure under the Fourth Amendment was reasonable?


California, United States of America

Can a party who has been fraudulently induced into a conveyance rescind the transaction if the other party agrees to the transaction?


California, United States of America

What is the test for discrimination in the context of a disability claim?


Ontario, Canada

Is prejudice shown when there is a reasonable probability that the result of the proceeding would have been different?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reversing and/or staying a motor vehicle fine, assessment and assessment?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an inquiry into whether a building scheme has become obsolete?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for warrantless arrest under the Fourth Amendment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the statute of limitations for a writ of mandamus?


California, United States of America

Does Rosenthal have any evidence to support his claim that he was deprived of his civil rights under section 1983?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there a requirement that individual documents always always be individually listed?


Alberta, Canada

What is the effect of a person being moved 50 feet (1.5m) away from the crime scene?


California, United States of America

Does a violation of state law preclude the need for a Franks hearing?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for possession of a firearm with a single intent, to injure several people?


"New York", United States of America

Is a mortgagee entitled to all his costs and expenses?


Alberta, Canada

Is there any case law in which a defendant is charged with a crime of violence under section 7 of the Criminal Code that reads "may" or "may"?


MultiRegion, United States of America

When does the affidavit supporting a search warrant contain information derived from unlawful conduct as well as untainted information?


California, United States of America

What is the test for having an erection in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

Is a court's determination that an inmate poses an unreasonable risk of danger to public safety for an abuse of discretion?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a court refuse to award attorney's fees to a plaintiff?


California, United States of America

How does the doctrine of relation back apply when an amended complaint adds a new defendant after the statute of limitations has expired?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a cause of action for intentional infliction of emotional distress against Flores?


California, United States of America

Can a recommitment petition be filed before the expiration of a long-term commitment?


California, United States of America

Is Section 1322 of the New York State Code of Civil Procedure applicable to mortgage foreclosure proceedings?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can an objection be taken to a security camera in the storage areas or in the parking lot?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What are the current rules of the California Court of Appeal regarding the finality of a final judgment?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted the rule that allowed a defendant to agree when entering a plea?


California, United States of America

What are the costs of solicitor-client costs for misconduct in the course of a personal injury action?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Can an affidavit or statement from a jury be used to impeach a verdict after the jury has been discharged?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does production of a section 211 report constitute a material change of circumstances?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a blood draw within the scope of implied consent reasonable under the Fourth Amendment?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to disregard a prior murder conviction?


California, United States of America

What is the test for imputing income from a parent who has been ordered to work to meet his child support obligations?


Ontario, Canada

What is the standard of review in a possession case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for enforcement of exclusion (h) in a motor vehicle accident insurance policy?


California, United States of America

What is the argument that this appeal should be heard even if it is moot?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Is a finding of the primary judge decisive in a case of conflicting testimony?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the role of the Rules of Civil Procedure in the administration of civil justice in Canada?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for prejudicial abuse of discretion?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the Court consider enrichment and deprivation as equalization?


British Columbia, Canada

Can an anonymous telephone tip can be used to provide information to the police?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for an aider and abettor to be held responsible for assisting and assisting in the crime?


California, United States of America

What factors must be considered when assessing non-pecuniary damages?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the extent of criminal intent necessary for a conspiracy charge?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the liability of the owner or person in charge of a bridge or culvert?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a defendant can be held liable for the physical and sexual abuse of a minor?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the implications of the Court of Appeal's decision to order a lawyer to pay a lawyer's costs of more than $200,000?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for publishing defamatory information?


British Columbia, Canada

How have courts dealt with allegations of bias in loss prevention investigations?


California, United States of America

Is possession of a firearm by a felon a qualifying crime?


California, United States of America

What is the test for calculating future losses for a plaintiff?


British Columbia, Canada

Does section 28, subdivision (f) of the California Criminal Code allow a convicted felon to be impeached for the purposes of the impeachment process?


California, United States of America

Is a warrantless arrest reasonable under the Fourth Amendment?


California, United States of America

Is there an evidentiary basis where the youngest son stands to inherit the entire estate under a Will made four years before the deceased's death?


Ontario, Canada

Does a criminal defendant have a constitutional right to counsel on their first appeal?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reading only the word only in the instruction to a jury in a motor vehicle case?


California, United States of America

In a motor vehicle accident case, in what circumstances will a jury consider whether there is an aggravating or mitigating circumstance in determining which of the two most serious penalties apply?


California, United States of America

Is there a time limit for appellant to move for correction by the trial court of legal errors in sentencing?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a novel defense in drug trafficking cases?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In a minor's probation application to the Court of Appeal, is the minor's claim that the search of his pockets was not justified by the search incident to arrest exception to the warrant requirement?


California, United States of America

What is the test for intentional misconduct causing disability?


California, United States of America

Can a capacity assessment be an alternative to the appointment of a guardian for property?


Ontario, Canada

How have courts interpreted "abuse of discretion" as a non-pejorative term?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any case law where a plaintiff was "lured by the promise of career employment"?


British Columbia, Canada

What is relevant evidence in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

Does the phrase "inhabited dwelling house" in the California Penal Code apply to a home that is not occupied?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to dismiss an appeal by a party who refuses to comply with a lower court order?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of the court’s budget for child's expenses?


Ontario, Canada

How has the maxim expressio unius est exclusio alterius been interpreted in law?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Does the owner of a commercial air carrier license have a property interest in the number of flights they have been allocated?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the forfeiture rule in appeal law?


California, United States of America

Can a convicted burglar be convicted of a similar crime for a second time?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of a jury finding that a defendant intentionally discharged a firearm causing death?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of the 9th Circuit's decision to grant declaratory judgment to an insurer in a case already pending in a state court?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is sufficient evidence to convict a defendant of possession of marijuana with intent to distribute it?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for amendment in a medical malpractice case?


California, United States of America

Does the court's primary concern on an application for interim spousal support concern is with the applicant's need and the respondent's ability to pay?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a defendant who pleaded guilty to a charge under section 924(c)(1) of the Criminal Code change the meaning of the sentence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for dismissing a motion to dismiss a petition?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a prior conviction qualify as a crime of violence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing error under state law?


California, United States of America

What is the test for giving a defendant a self-defense instruction sua sponte?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant discover the identity of an informant to attack a valid search warrant affidavit?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a manager or supervisor of a criminal enterprise to be found guilty of conspiracy to pervert the course of justice?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How do we review the facts at the Court of Appeal?


California, United States of America