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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


What is the legal test for drawing an adverse inference in a sexual assault case?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a magistrate rely on two confidential police informants for evidence in a drug case?


California, United States of America

Does a motion to suppress have to be heard by a judge acting as a magistrate or a superior court judge?


California, United States of America

What is the test for maintenance rights in maritime law?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will a prosecutor be required to explain to a jury how he excused a prospective juror in error?


California, United States of America

Does Entick v Carrington constitute a search and seizure within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is evidence of a defendant's good character admissible in mitigation?


California, United States of America

What is the meaning of "aiding and abetting"?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for possession of tools in a burglary case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admitting or excluding impeachment evidence in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant be ordered to pay restitution to the victim of a hit-and-run collision when he is convicted of fleeing the scene?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of a failure to press for a ruling on the voluntariness of a confession?


California, United States of America

What is the test for liability under section 52.1 of the California Civil Rights Code for threats, intimidation or coercion?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a party to a contract to sue a third party for interference with the contractual relationship?


California, United States of America

How have the courts interpreted the Miranda rights?


California, United States of America

What are the essential elements of fraud?


Ontario, Canada

In what circumstances will a plaintiff be able to claim damages under Section 90 of the California Civil Code?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review of a denial of a Batson/Wheeler motion on appeal?


California, United States of America

Is there an oppression remedy in condominium law?


Alberta, Canada

Can a defendant be punished for more than one crime?


California, United States of America

What is the test for imputing income from a party who is intentionally unemployed or underemployed?


Ontario, Canada

Does a teacher have a right to comment on the issue of school funding?


California, United States of America

What are “bonus agreements” where a solicitor is entitled to bonus fees?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for interpretation of a statute?


California, United States of America

What is the test for expert opinion evidence in a personal injury case?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

What is the definition of a sale of a one-seventh interest in a subdivision?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will the Court review the facts supporting defendant's conviction for assault?


California, United States of America

Is a plaintiff entitled to her attorney fees as sanctions for a defense counsel's violation of state-wide and/or local rules?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law where in-court identification was suppressed to avoid a Fourth Amendment violation?


California, United States of America

What is the relevant circumstances for a rebuttal in a personal injury case?


Ontario, Canada

What authorities have been found to be negligent misrepresentation in the context of a claim for damages from a plaintiff?


Ontario, Canada

What is the effect of a finding of fact by the BC Workers’ Compensation Appeal Tribunal on a claimant’s entitlement?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the failure to fund a drug patch deny a plaintiff's due process rights?


California, United States of America

What is the test for making a will in a person who is found not competent to manage their affairs?


British Columbia, Canada

Is reopening a delivered container a search subject to Fourth Amendment scrutiny even when the police lose sight of the container?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a reasonable price in a commercial contract?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

What is the test for invoking section 1202b of the California Criminal Code to mitigate a sentence of life without parole for an otherwise qualified defendant?


California, United States of America

Can an appeal be made from a judgment that fails to complete all the causes of action pending between the parties?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a parent who wants to relocate their child?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for establishing inadequate representation in a motion to amend the Oakland Municipal Guidelines?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the CRT's discretion to decide the format of the hearing?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a plaintiff bring a wrongful death action for personal injuries arising from a car accident?


California, United States of America

Can a court take any adjudicative notice of the fact that a plaintiff was born in a different country?


Alberta, Canada

In what circumstances will a federal court dismiss a complaint for failure to state an equal protection claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does removing the word "wrongful" from the sentence does not permit the jury to find that anything prior to the shooting precluded imperfect self-defense?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review for a motion to overturn a conviction based solely on circumstantial evidence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a finding of no negligence in a medical malpractice case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for insufficiency of evidence in a trial where the evidence was insufficient to support the verdict?


California, United States of America

What is the test for objecting to a claim of prosecutorial misconduct?


California, United States of America

What is the test of sufficient cause for the issuance of a writ of summary judgment in a personal injury case?


British Columbia, Canada

Is the City of Vancouver’s policy on sidewalk inspection and maintenance policy reviewed by the courts?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a carrier entitled to charge a warehouse charge if goods are deposited in the warehouse of a person not connected with the carriers?


Ontario, Canada

Is Section 654 of the Criminal Code applicable in determining whether multiple felonies arise from the same set of operative facts?


California, United States of America

Is the New York City Police force required to meet its burden in a "plausible fashion"?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for judicial review of conflicts of interest?


Alberta, Canada

How does the anti-SLAPP statute work?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admissible evidence in a conspiracy to possess with the intent to distribute marijuana?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the word "happens" in the present tense apply only to accidents in the future?


Alberta, Canada

What factors will determine the relative degree of fault of a tortfeasor in a motor vehicle accident?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for an appeal against the findings and conclusions of a jury in a sexual assault case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test under section 10 of the Child Support Guidelines?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for reversal of a jury verdict in a retrial where the first trial ended in a hung jury?


California, United States of America

Is there insufficient evidence to support imposition of a criminal justice administration fee?


California, United States of America

How have courts dealt with the issue of adjudication of delinquent status?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a lack of consultation preclude a finding that the expense of medical malpractice is reasonable and necessary?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for overturning a support order?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for overturning a decision by the Secretary of State to deny benefits?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for bringing in all benefits received by third parties from a medical malpractice contract?


British Columbia, Canada

How have the Maslen rules of causation been interpreted by the Court?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a defense counsel provide ineffective assistance by failing to seek to exclude statements on that ground?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proving a waiver of rights in a deportation proceeding?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for making a threat under section 422 of the California Penal Code?


California, United States of America

How have the words “for the purpose of hunting” in s.45(1)(b) of the Criminal Code been interpreted?


Alberta, Canada

What are the consequences of an employer's failure to pay the wages of an employee who quits?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is it permissible to consider the division of individual assets separately rather than as a group of s. 65 factors?


British Columbia, Canada

Can an offender be convicted of first degree murder based on direct aiding and abetting principles or under the felony-murder rule?


California, United States of America

What are the conditions for variation in terms of an order?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the equitable tolling of the statute of limitations apply to a prisoner who is serving a term less than for life?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the principles and procedures to register and vacate a notice of lis pendens?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

How have the courts interpreted the whole grain claims on the front of the box?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is the state liable for the failure of a levee that is not part of a state water project?


California, United States of America

What is the dying declaration exception to the hearsay rule?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the test for reversing a conviction based on improper exclusion of evidence?


California, United States of America

Does a father’s endowment policy create a legal estate in his own name?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the basis for a defendant's claim that there is insufficient evidence to support his gang crime conviction?


California, United States of America

How does the doctrine of abuse of process apply?


Ontario, Canada

What factors are considered in awarding attorneys' fees?


California, United States of America

Is involuntary manslaughter a lesser included crime of murder?


California, United States of America

What is the test for apportioning the proceeds of a sale of real property between the parties?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a Rule 33 motion for a new trial for abuse of discretion?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances can intentional first degree murder be compared to murder?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proving inadequate trial assistance on the appellant?


California, United States of America

Can an aider and abettor become liable for the commission of a very serious crime committed by the aeder and his confederate?


California, United States of America

Can an order denying postjudgment motions for attorney fees and expenses incurred in enforcing a judgment and a renewed judgment be appealed?


California, United States of America

Is there any conflict of interest between a defendant and Attorney Gazzigli?


California, United States of America

What is the difference between whether a reasonable officer could have believed that the force used was reasonable under the circumstances?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any case law or precedent for a jury to determine whether this was a governmental activity or a proprietary activity?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a transfer of custody of a child from a state to a federal court?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the essential elements of a reasonable doubt test for establishing that a plaintiff is not a party to a claim?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law in which a defendant has alleged that he was improperly denied a reduction in his sentence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a plaintiff's immigration status relevant in determining damages?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to reject "unbelievable" testimony?


California, United States of America

What is the standard for assessing credibility and reliability of evidence at a medical malpractice hearing?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a defendant's appointed appellate counsel file their own brief?


California, United States of America

Can a taxi association obtain an interlocutory injunction to quash a by-law that prohibits the Association of Airport Taxicab (Pearson Airport) from operating without a Toronto licence?


Ontario, Canada

Does the judge have been commenting adversely upon the fact that Defendant has not testified?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on sexual assault?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for a motion to correct an illegal sentence under Rule 35?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant be separately prosecuted for an armed robbery and possession of a weapon used in that robbery?


California, United States of America

Can past criminal conduct involving moral turpitude be used as impeachment evidence?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of a defendant's failure to object to a motion in limine?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a "principal test" in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the full terms of the agreement at issue?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for terminating spousal support?


Ontario, Canada

What is the scope of the "right to counsel at trial" in this case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the range of sentences for assault with a deadly weapon and criminal threat charges?


California, United States of America

Can an executor be found to have failed to produce relevant documents as requested or ordered by the beneficiaries?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the impact of an agency finding on the credibility of a witness?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a multiple-victim enhancement to a driving under the influence charge apply to a single victim?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining the sufficiency of evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

Does the state have any authority to settle and pay civil rights claims against the state or its employees?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What authorities have been relied upon by Binnie J. in Will-Kare?


Canada (Federal), Canada

In a motion to reconsider the restitution order, what are the grounds of appeal?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How does attenuation affect evidence in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for credibility and reliability in evidence?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the burden of establishing intentionally-inflicted cruel and inhuman treatment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the impact of the placement of fault on an application under the Family Law Reform Act?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for an actual injury?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a defendant argue that count 6 is a lesser included offense of count 3 under the statutory elements test?


California, United States of America

Does a client have attorney-client privilege?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a defendant's sentence for a prior conviction of a serious felony reduced to a misdemeanor under section 17, subdivision (b)(3) of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

What are some cases dealing with financial abuse of an elderly person?


California, United States of America

Does the prison mailbox rule apply to an individual who is confined to a medical facility?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is foreseeability sufficient to constitute a duty for a police officer to warn or protect the public?


California, United States of America

What are the implications of a motion to stay imposition of a sentence for robbery pursuant to section 654 of the Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

Can a court strike the entire testimony of a witness who has been cross-examined?


California, United States of America

Does assault with intent to commit a crime require the wrongdoer's present ability to commit the assault?


California, United States of America

What is the test for exemplary damages in a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

What is the test for revocation of an offer to settle?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will a motion to dismiss an allegation of sexual assault be dismissed?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is Defendant's appointed counsel required to file a supplemental brief for the purpose of reviewing the record for arguable contentions?


California, United States of America

How has the family attribution rule been interpreted under the 1954 Code of Civil Procedure?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is the custodial parent entitled to a reduction in the amount of his children’s maintenance under the Child Support Guidelines?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the current state law and federal due process for a mentally incompetent defendant?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a plaintiff be required to pay attorney's fees for failing to subpoena witnesses in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Does a factor of the duration of a marriage pursuant to s. 65(1)(a) apply to a period of pre-marital cohabitation?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of the in limine ruling on jury testimony in a civil case?


California, United States of America

Does a police incident report and declaration in support of an arrest warrant lie outside the normal record on appeal?


California, United States of America

What is the test for appeal against a finding of not guilty?


California, United States of America

Does the tort of abuse of process apply to bystanders?


Ontario, Canada

What is the legal test for establishing whether a confession was involuntary?


California, United States of America

Does failure to exhaust administrative remedies mean that a petition was improperly filed?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a "suspect" in the second substantive component of the New York State Criminal Code?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have courts dealt with claims of prejudicial cumulative effect?


California, United States of America

What are some cases that support a proposition that a partner can claim to hold assets without regard to the rights of the other partner?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for establishing an unfair advantage of one spouse under section 721 of the California Marriage Act?


California, United States of America

How have the words "precluding no one" and "to whomever they wanted" in the residual clause of a will have to be interpreted?


Alberta, Canada

In what circumstances will a prosecutor be found guilty of misconduct in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there a denial of due process if respondent was not advised he owed interest on the unpaid child support?


California, United States of America

Does the court have a duty to instruct the jury on the elements of battery, false imprisonment, and assault with a deadly weapon?


California, United States of America

If an alternate is present in the jury room without authority to be there, can the alternate be struck off?


California, United States of America

In a motion to alter or amend the terms of a motion for bankruptcy protection, how have the courts dealt with the issue?


federal, United States of America

What is the test for review of a criminal sentence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a warrant to arrest a person in the home?


California, United States of America

What is the test for "abuse of discretion" in the impeachment process?


California, United States of America

Does an affidavit need to include opinion or argument?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Does Section 1915(g) of the Civil Code of Civil Procedure apply to a claim that was previously dismissed under Section 1915?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What provisions should be added to the pension of the husband when he retires?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for establishing a principal's domination and control over a corporation?


federal, United States of America

Does the Chief Justice of B.C.L.R.S.O.D. of BC have any authority or authority to regulate a regulation which abrogates common law rights?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a waiver of a right to silence unconditional?


Ontario, Canada

If a DVPA order has expired, can the DVPA be obtained by P.J.L. in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

Is a self-represented party entitled to a loss of opportunity cost for time spent conducting litigation?


Ontario, Canada

What is a resignation under section 100(1) of the Employment and Learning Code?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a defendant was prejudiced by the additional penalty imposed on him by the Court of Appeal?


California, United States of America

Is there an open-ended continuity between a business and an organized crime?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How has the evidentiary objection ruling been reviewed for abuse of discretion?


California, United States of America

When will a court order a variation of custody for a child who was born in New Zealand?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for a motion to suppress?


California, United States of America

What is the duty of a public entity to notify a claimant of the inadequacy of a claim?


California, United States of America

What is the test for using a temporary stay?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a union security clause in an employment contract binding an employer with respect to severance pay?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Can a spouse who believes that community property has not been adjudicated in a prior dissolution proceeding bring a separate civil action?


California, United States of America

What is the test for issuing a building permit for a plan for a retaining wall based on a rough sketch?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there any interpretative problem with the meaning of the word "sexual immorality"?


Ontario, Canada

What is vexatious?


Ontario, Canada

Does a search warrant need to be issued to search a container that is not incident to an arrest?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the impact of a licensee’s conduct that compromises the licensee's integrity?


Ontario, Canada

What is the effect of section 654 of the California Criminal Code when a criminal offence is committed as part of a commercial transaction?


California, United States of America

What is the appropriate standard of support for a child who was awarded by Lander J.'s order?


Alberta, Canada

Does the trial court abuse its discretion in admitting photographs of a murder victim?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review of the record de novo on appeal?


California, United States of America

Is there any difference between the punishment given to one and the other?


California, United States of America

What is the test for deliberate indifference in the context of a plaintiff's claim for delay in responding to two separate riots?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the general rule on remand in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for striking a counterclaim?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

What is the obligation of an employer to adequately address and respond to allegations of Code Code-related discrimination and harassment in the workplace?


Ontario, Canada

Is a settlement agreement a form of contract?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for a jury to determine whether a jury is deadlocked?


California, United States of America

Is propensity evidence admissible in a criminal case?


California, United States of America