Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.
What is the test for establishing causation between a party alleging negligence and a plaintiff alleging negligence?
British Columbia, Canada
What is an award for homemaking?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for admitting or excluding evidence under section 352 of the Evidence Code?
California, United States of America
What are the grounds of appeal against the jury charge?
Ontario, Canada
What is the test for establishing a jury's impartiality?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for pinpointing a defense theory of the case?
California, United States of America
What is the test for a jury to read a self-defense instruction?
California, United States of America
What is the impact of laid off from his full-time work as a teacher at a private Christian school?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the limitation of time a strata must take in dealing with a sewage issue?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the standard of care required by a specialist to treat a patient with a life threatening condition?
British Columbia, Canada
Can a private property owner be liable for failing to prevent a plaintiff from urinating on their property?
"New York", United States of America
Does article 288 of the Algerian criminal code require a marked departure from the standard of care expected of a reasonable person?
Canada (Federal), Canada
What is the test for establishing a Respondent's financial worth?
Ontario, Canada
What is the "relaxed" standard of plain error review in an appeal involving an unpreserved objection to a sentence?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the compensatory method for the purpose of determining the amount of support awarded to a spouse who works in the home?
Manitoba, Canada
Can a person deprive another of a constitutional right by setting in motion an act that would cause others to inflict the injury?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the effect of pleading guilty to a charge of robbery and possession of a firearm under section 1203.06?
California, United States of America
What is the test for applying the doctrine of jurisdiction in the context of sexual assault cases?
Alberta, Canada
What defines "good cause" and a reasonable period of time?
California, United States of America
Can a condominium corporation commence an action under the Condominium Owners Act?
Ontario, Canada
What is the liability of a public entity for injuries sustained by a cyclist on a bike path?
California, United States of America
What is the test for determining if a City of Toronto has been found to have acted improperly or unreasonableness in its planning application?
British Columbia, Canada
Can a municipality be held liable in negligence for implementing policy decisions?
Ontario, Canada
What is the test for admitting photographs of a victim of sexual abuse?
California, United States of America
Is a criminal defendant entitled to dictate the precise language of a jury instruction?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for a future access order under s. 59(2) of the Child Support Act?
Ontario, Canada
Can a jury use the other acts evidence to convict defendant of the instant crime?
California, United States of America
What is the test for the application of the Parole Rule in the context of a promissory note?
British Columbia, Canada
Can a police officer delay or delay presenting evidence to the district attorney?
California, United States of America
Can a property owner who has spent large amounts of time negotiating with the expropriating authority on the issue of compensation for a construction project, then about face up front and argue it is void?
British Columbia, Canada
Is Canada's human rights legislation constitutional or statutory?
British Columbia, Canada
What is considered to be "outside ordinary knowledge" of electrical preparation work for an electrical installation?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for admissibility of evidence in a civil case?
California, United States of America
How have the courts treated a defendant's prior convictions under the three strikes law?
California, United States of America
What is the impact on privacy and liberty rights of the accused?
British Columbia, Canada
Can a federal prisoner appeal the denial of his Section 2255 motion and the court's decision not to hold an evidentiary hearing?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test to justify a variation order?
Ontario, Canada
What is the pleading of a claim for past in-trust services?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the current state of the law on tactical errors in defence of the Sixth Amendment?
California, United States of America
What is the test for section 654 of the California Code of Criminal Code for vandalism?
California, United States of America
Is contact between a juror and a witness improper?
California, United States of America
What is the test for a finding that methamphetamine was transported for sale rather than for personal use?
California, United States of America
Is a shareholder buy/sell provision in a unanimous shareholder agreement enforceable?
Ontario, Canada
Does the Court of Appeal have any authority or authority to hold an oral hearing?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the current state of the human rights legislation in Canada?
Alberta, Canada
In what circumstances will a party be bound by a third party's expectation of receiving something in return?
Manitoba, Canada
Is an expert witness permitted to testify regarding the culture, habits and psychology of a criminal gang?
California, United States of America
Does a judge have an absolute power to declare his final conclusion?
California, United States of America
What is the test for establishing standing in a civil case?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the range of damages for damages awarded to a plaintiff who was injured in a dispute with her neighbour over noise and/or nuisance?
British Columbia, Canada
Does the City of Vancouver have a superior financial position in the litigation process?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for a motion to disqualify a judge from the bench?
MultiRegion, United States of America
How have courts of equity interpreted "flexibility" in the context of a personal injury case?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Can a defendant whose conduct induces delay in filing a lawsuit be estopped to assert the statute of limitations?
California, United States of America
Can some harm be permissible in the context of freedom of expression?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the current range of sentences available to future judges?
Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
In what circumstances can a defendant be held vicariously liable for the acts of coconspirators?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for disentitled income tax credits?
Canada (Federal), Canada
How is the estate of a testatrix divided between her two daughters and her grandchildren?
British Columbia, Canada
How have the courts dealt with the issue of housekeeping allowance in the context of a separation claim?
Saskatchewan, Canada
Does a guardian ad litem have capacity to enter into a contract?
California, United States of America
Is a single witness sufficient for proof of any fact?
California, United States of America
Can interveners waive the provisions of Code of Civil Procedure section 170.6 as a condition of intervention?
California, United States of America
What is the difference between a motorcyclist injured in a motorbike accident and a motor vehicle accident?
California, United States of America
Does the conclusionary answer from a police officer regarding what Miranda rights were given to a suspect be sufficient?
California, United States of America
Is inflation a material change in circumstances justifying a variation in a spousal support order made in 2001?
Ontario, Canada
What jurisdiction does the Human Rights Tribunal have to reconsider its own decision?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for requiring a plaintiff to furnish security in a personal injury action?
California, United States of America
What are the costs of a motion for disclosure?
Ontario, Canada
What are the findings of a motion to disqualify a magistrate judge?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Is there an instruction stating that one of the facts to be determined, and as to which the jury must be convinced beyond a reasonable doubt, was whether defendant committed the crime?
California, United States of America
Does a plaintiff have standing to sue for injunctive relief against a noncompliant facility?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the adequacy of representation under the Representation Rule?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for a jury in a medical malpractice case?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for determining that a litigant is a prevailing party?
California, United States of America
What is the test for liability under section 52.1 of the California Civil Rights Code for threats, intimidation or coercion?
California, United States of America
What is the test for liability when a plaintiff walks on an oily patch?
Saskatchewan, Canada
How have we treated the victims and witnesses of a sexual assault trial?
California, United States of America
What is the test for calculating damages for wrongful termination of a lease agreement?
British Columbia, Canada
What are some cases dealing with sexual assault under the California Penal Code?
California, United States of America
In a motor vehicle accident, is there any evidence that a piece of wood or piece of metal struck the claimant directly?
"New York", United States of America
What is the test for instructing a jury on the law relating to the facts established in the case?
California, United States of America
What are the requirements for intentional and negligent misrepresentation?
Ontario, Canada
Does the term of supervised release on remand need to be reduced to a lesser term of supervision?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for reconsideration of claims that were or could have been raised in a prior habeas petition?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the case law on “clear and decisive” meaning of a clause in an instrument?
Ontario, Canada
Does a search and seizure resulting from an arrest without a warrant or search warrant violate the constitutional guarantees?
California, United States of America
What factors will the US Supreme Court consider when determining a termination of parental rights?
California, United States of America
What is the test for severance of material in a record that can be disclosed from that which is protected from disclosure?
Northwest Territories, Canada
What is the test for a plaintiff to be successful in a personal injury case?
California, United States of America
Can a conversation that is three months old be considered in determining probable cause?
British Columbia, Canada
What are the three elements of a traffic law violation?
California, United States of America
What is the test for receiving a stolen motor vehicle?
California, United States of America
How have courts interpreted sentencing options in sentencing decisions in the past?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Does section 654 of the Penal Code apply?
California, United States of America
Does a motion for an anti-SLAPP motion have to include the malice element?
California, United States of America
Can a contractor recover mental distress damages for breach of peace of mind?
British Columbia, Canada
Can a patient sign an arbitration agreement that binds his or her heirs in a wrongful death action?
California, United States of America
Is there any reason why a jury convicted a defendant of murder by reason of premeditation rather than felony?
California, United States of America
What are the elements of a grand theft by false pretenses test?
California, United States of America
Is a determinate sentence that does not include post-release supervision illegal?
"New York", United States of America
Can appellant appeal against his conviction for assault with intent to pervert the course of justice?
California, United States of America
What is a final order or interlocutory?
British Columbia, Canada
Under what circumstances will a jury uphold a conviction of second degree murder?
California, United States of America
What is the test for determining whether a defendant has ineffective counsel?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Can a police officer sue a plaintiff for libel over a complaint of police misconduct?
California, United States of America
What is the impact of a private school on the relationship between parents?
British Columbia, Canada
What factors must a court consider in determining the appropriate sentence for a man convicted of a sexual assault under section 3553(a)(2) of the Criminal Code?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the burden of proving that there has been a denial of due process resulting from a delay in charging?
California, United States of America
How has the Court of Appeal in Ontario dealt with a writ of appeal?
California, United States of America
What is the test for admitting a sexual assault charge if the victim does not make a prompt complaint?
California, United States of America
What is the test for establishing an official policy in the context of civil litigation?
MultiRegion, United States of America
When a search warrant describes a house to be searched in detail but fails to identify a nearby house in its description?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the scope of dismissal of an indictment due to a defective grand jury proceeding?
"New York", United States of America
Is there any waiver of privilege where a plaintiff’s testimony is inconsistent with that of their own counsel?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the impact of a breach of international humanitarian law?
Canada (Federal), Canada
What is the test for failing to disclose exculpatory evidence in a criminal case?
California, United States of America
What is the background to appellant's appeal for possession of a firearm by a felon?
California, United States of America
What is the test for ineffective assistance of counsel on appeal?
California, United States of America
In a sexual assault case involving a minor, what is the difference between a new allegation of sexual abuse and the original allegation?
California, United States of America
Is there any case law where a jury found an allegation of gang membership not true?
California, United States of America
If there is a loss of earning capacity, and its value, what are the risks and benefits of continuing pain and ongoing pain?
British Columbia, Canada
Does a prisoner have a right to access the courts?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for a dismissal of a motion for failure to set a date for a pre-trial conference?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for an especially heinous or cruel crime?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for a judicial review of a decision made under the California Environmental Quality Act?
California, United States of America
What is the test for determining whether an employer has a discriminatory attitude?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for denying a defendant's right to an attorney?
"New York", United States of America
In what circumstances have courts described significant failure to make financial disclosure, concealing assets or income, and disposing of jointly owned property unilaterally?
Ontario, Canada
What is the burden of establishing the need for a stay?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Does the modified version of CALCRIM 3450 instruct the jury that if appellant knew that his conduct was illegal, he was sane even if he did not know it was morally wrong?
California, United States of America
What is the test for res judicata?
California, United States of America
Is there any evidence that supports testimony that supports a claim of sexual harassment?
California, United States of America
Can the trial court suspend the execution or imposition of sentence of a convicted murderer's murder sentence?
California, United States of America
Does the common law rule barring the admission of hearsay evidence in a civil case affect the reliability of evidence at trial?
California, United States of America
What is the test for reasonable suspicion in criminal proceedings?
California, United States of America
Does a defendant have any grounds to argue that there is a widespread misperception among penalty phase jurors that "death means anything other than execution"?
California, United States of America
Is there a constitutional requirement for confrontation and cross-examination of an adverse witness at a prison disciplinary hearing?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Is it necessary for the prosecution to rule out all possible or imaginary causes of a fire to prove arson?
California, United States of America
Can a witness testify as to statements made to that witness by someone else?
Ontario, Canada
In what circumstances will a motor vehicle be removed from a public street?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Is an expert's need to consider extrajudicial matters, and a jury's need for information sufficient to evaluate an expert opinion?
California, United States of America
What is the test for granting a continuance to allow an attorney to prepare for trial?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Does the removal statute have a "strong presumption" against federal jurisdiction?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Can a federal habeas court review a state procedural rule?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Can a motion under section 995 to dismiss the gang enhancement allegation be dismissed if it is brought by the Attorney General?
California, United States of America
What are the implications of the Supreme Court’s recent review of the meaning of the phrase "judicial review"?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the impact of the nature of a disability claim on specificity?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the burden of a director to prove that they received a personal benefit from a transaction?
California, United States of America
What are the implications of the majority opinion in the US Supreme Court when it comes to sentencing for sexual assault?
MultiRegion, United States of America
Is an enforceable settlement agreed to by the parties through their counsel?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the "best interest" of the access parent in accessing a child?
New Brunswick, Canada
What is the legal test for abuse of abuse of authority when a jury asks a jury a question about the law in a civil case?
California, United States of America
What are some examples of the limited jurisdiction of the federal courts?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for a new standard of review in the context of habeas cases?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for competent evidence in a criminal case?
California, United States of America
What is the test for sanctions against a federal district court for "abusing its discretion" in a civil matter?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for retroactive retroactive effect of a statute?
California, United States of America
Is an award of attorney fees under the anti-SLAPP motion appealable?
California, United States of America
How has the use of female statistics been treated in the past?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for requiring evidence of the existence of a will?
Ontario, Canada
What is the standard of damages for loss of net profits in an action for conspiracy to induce breach of contract?
California, United States of America
Can a team approach to litigation be successful?
Ontario, Canada
What is the legal test for assessing the evidence and the probative value of the testimony?
Canada (Federal), Canada
What is the test for a medical negligence action?
Alberta, Canada
What is the definition of a "severe burden" imposed on a person with a religious preference?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the test for COVID 19 and what is its impact on the Eighth Amendment?
MultiRegion, United States of America
How has the law been interpreted in this case?
California, United States of America
What is the test for ineffective assistance of counsel?
California, United States of America
Does the exclusivity rule apply when an employer's conduct falls outside the scope of the compensation bargain?
California, United States of America
What is the test for determining whether counsel's performance was deficient?
California, United States of America
What is the limitation period for a wrongful act of omission under section 340.6 of the California Civil Code?
MultiRegion, United States of America
In what circumstances will a judge enter default judgment in a personal injury action?
MultiRegion, United States of America
What is the current state of the law for modifying and vacating orders of disposition?
"New York", United States of America
What is the test for a jury to convict a defendant of two counts of conspiracy?
California, United States of America
What is the test for abuse of authority on appeal?
California, United States of America
What are the damages for loss of housekeeping capacity assessed by the Court of Appeal?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for credibility in the context of a finding of self-defense?
California, United States of America
Is a death row inmate entitled to appeal the death penalty in the Court of Appeal?
California, United States of America
What is the test under Rule 21.01(1)(b) for striking out a pleading?
Ontario, Canada
Does section 12022.5, subdivision (a) of the California Criminal Code apply to the crime of discharging a firearm at a vehicle?
California, United States of America
What are the requirements for punitive or exemplary damages under section 16 and 65 of the Criminal Procedure Act?
Saskatchewan, Canada
What is the test for having an open relationship?
Ontario, Canada
Does the Human Rights Tribunal make findings of fact on a s. 27(1)(c) application?
British Columbia, Canada
Is a defendant's failure to object in a motion where he was accused of committing a burglary was prejudicial?
California, United States of America
In a motor vehicle accident, does the insurer have to participate in the claim?
California, United States of America
How have courts considered the interaction between two expert reports?
Ontario, Canada
What is the test for real and substantial loss of employment?
British Columbia, Canada
Can a master recover for the loss of a servant by death?
Ontario, Canada
What is the test for a strata to prove negligence against an owner who causes damage to its property?
British Columbia, Canada
What is the test for admitting expert testimony for abuse of discretion?
California, United States of America
Does the trial court erred in refusing to instruct the jury before it began deliberating on lingering doubt?
California, United States of America
Can a defendant make a self-defense claim where the initial aggressor initiates aggression by using deadly force or the threat of deadly force?
California, United States of America
Is common issue #1 of a product liability/negligence claim certified?
British Columbia, Canada
How has Section 602 of the Miranda Act been interpreted in the context of allegations of sexual assault against a minor?
California, United States of America
What is the test for obtaining a search warrant in a criminal investigation?
Ontario, Canada
What is the test for pleading not guilty by reason of insanity in a criminal case?
California, United States of America
What is the burden shifting instruction in alternative causation cases?
California, United States of America
What is considered a "delicate balance of factors" in medical malpractice cases?
British Columbia, Canada
When a plaintiff in a civil rights suit is confined in a state prison at the the of a hearing, is he entitled to attend personally?
MultiRegion, United States of America
