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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


When will a judge base an upper term sentence on a vulnerability finding and violation of a protective order?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a claim for loss of income based on a projected expansion of the business?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a prosecutor argue that defense counsel's argument is "intemperate" and "bald-faced lie"?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a defendant be found guilty of attempted murder by the Court of Appeal for an armed robbery?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant waive their constitutional rights by pleading guilty?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law in Modonese?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the statute of limitations run against the purchaser at such a sale?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a defense counsel's failure to show the presentence report be considered to be reasonably competent representation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does unconsciousness constitute a defense to criminal charges?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether no party has prevailed in a personal injury action?


California, United States of America

How have costs been sought in a personal injury case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for damages for witness emotional distress?


California, United States of America

Is there a judicial remedy for the referral of an allegation of sexual assault to federal authorities?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for admitting a prior voluntary manslaughter conviction?


California, United States of America

If a trustee cannot provide an accounting, can the parties rely on expert evidence to reconstruct what happened?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for establishing substantial evidence in a civil case?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the court accept testimony from a plaintiff who is physically unfit to give evidence at trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the range of damages for unconscionable or unfair settlement?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the legal test for a plaintiff to amend their complaint?


California, United States of America

Can a motion to set aside an order against a defendant who is mentally ill be granted?


California, United States of America

What is the test for substantial evidence in a motor vehicle accident case?


California, United States of America

What is the evidence supporting the argument that force is required to sustain a conviction for sexual assault under section 289 of the Penal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the effective date of retirement for a judge?


California, United States of America

What factors are relevant to the definition of duress in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

Does the death penalty law violate equal protection by denying procedural rights to non-capital defendants?


California, United States of America

Does a prosecutor make statements to the jury during closing argument that he knows are false or have strong reason to doubt?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for Fourth Amendment seizure when a police officer approaches an individual and asks them a few questions?


California, United States of America

What are the obligations of directors of a corporation that they control?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a confession was involuntary?


California, United States of America

What is the scope of a probation search?


California, United States of America

Is a husband entitled to continue to provide spousal support to his wife even if she has not performed her married role?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a murder conviction?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to convict a defendant of murder by means of lying in wait?


California, United States of America

Can a plaintiff be deemed a prevailing party in civil rights litigation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is the impoundment of plaintiff's car a seizure within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the legal test for appeal against an interpretation of a release?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the standard of review applicable to a driving prohibition?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a plaintiff entitled to recover damages from a defendant who failed to properly assess the risk?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of prior good character of an employee charged with theft from their employer?


Alberta, Canada

Does a school's standard of care need to be given to all students?


California, United States of America

Can a police officer delay or delay presenting evidence to the district attorney?


California, United States of America

What are the conditions of probation under section 1203.03.1 of the California Penal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for "subjecting" another to deprivation of a constitutional right?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any basis for objection on the grounds that a witness has failed to object?


California, United States of America

What is the test for balancing the principles of fundamental justice with respect to human rights and society?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Does the term "passive/active" or "primary/secondary" apply to a plaintiff who is not a passive tortfeasor?


California, United States of America

What is the test for exclusion of evidence under s. 24(2) of the Charter?


New Brunswick, Canada

What is the test for whether acts done in contemplation of a crime are preparatory or merely preparatory?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a party to quash a subpoena?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for sustaining a conviction based on only circumstantial evidence?


California, United States of America

What are the costs of exercising a constitutional right in the criminal justice process?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the onus and evidentiary burden of a judge in determining whether a child over the age of majority should continue to receive child support?


Ontario, Canada

Does the Attorney General have any authority to amend the abstract of judgment of a defendant's sentencing hearing?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to substitute counsel for a defendant in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of absolute witness immunity on testimony at trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the historical significance of the requirement for a person to be registered as a resident of a province to vote in a provincial election?


Canada (Federal), Canada

In a sexual assault case, is there any case law where the complainant was found guilty of rape, oral copulation and false imprisonment?


California, United States of America

What threshold issue does appellant need to meet to obtain a warrant for the seizure of his computer from his office?


California, United States of America

How is a motion for an interlocutory injunction disposed of costs?


Ontario, Canada

Does a joint trial deprive defendants of due process of law under the federal Constitution?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the Court consider whether Page 9 of the Wall Street Journal has been withheld in violation of the securities laws?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for entitlement to relief in a motor vehicle accident case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on the definition of a writing?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to overturn a finding that the trial court's instruction was erroneous?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for overturning a conviction for sexual assault on the grounds of insufficient or insufficient evidence?


California, United States of America

Under what circumstances will Genworth Financial Mortgage be successful in its claim against TAUSIF Umar Farooqi?


Ontario, Canada

Does the government have an incentive to cross-examine a perjurious witness in the grand jury room?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for disqualifying a district attorney?


California, United States of America

Can a criminal defendant compel the government to grant immunity to a witness?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for unanimous verdict in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Can a prosecutor in a criminal case commit misconduct under either federal or state law?


California, United States of America

What is the test for sustaining a burden of proving guilt beyond a reasonable doubt?


California, United States of America

Is a court's failure to appoint counsel to a motion for personal injury an error?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant cross-examine his co-defendant’s evidence?


Saskatchewan, Canada

In what circumstances will a defendant be called to testify before a grand jury?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the privileges of a witness against a witness as to confidential communications?


California, United States of America

Can misconduct be defined as a fundamental breach of the employer/employee relationship that any employee would know that dismissal was likely?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Can a defendant waive the argument the jury was erroneously instructed that it was a controlled substance?


California, United States of America

What are some of the most recent federal decisions in which the US Supreme Court has ruled in favour of the state against the state?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the limitation period for making a Statement of Claim?


Ontario, Canada

What is the current state of the law regarding the right to identify and transfer exercise yard inmates from an integrated exercise yard?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a criminal defendant to compel discovery of police personnel records?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of a judge's decision to strike down the living on the avails and communicating provisions of the Criminal Code?


Ontario, Canada

Under what circumstances will counsel not conduct an investigation into software used by Defendant in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on credibility finding in medical malpractice cases?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the impact of saying "go without saying" in an accident benefits application?


Ontario, Canada

How have courts interpreted the "imposed by law" exception to the constitutional debt limit?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the court change custody of children from the father to the mother?


California, United States of America

What are the factors relevant to the appointment of counsel in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of care of a doctor in a medical malpractice case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for qualified testimony as an expert in a medical malpractice case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for abuse of a motion to amend or alter a judgment under Civil Rule 59?


federal, United States of America

In what circumstances will a defendant be held liable for re-publication by others?


British Columbia, Canada

Is gang membership and activity admissible in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Does the California State Bar have the power to amend a complaint to include a violation of the Rule of Professional Conduct?


California, United States of America

How has the California Supreme Court interpreted the hearsay rule in social studies?


California, United States of America

What is the test for attacking credibility of a witness?


California, United States of America

What is the current jurisprudence dealing with dismissal applications pursuant to Rule 22‑7?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a plaintiff have any constitutional grounds for seeking injunctive relief?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does an executor breach his or her duty by failing to dispose of a will?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the standard of review for questioning whether a defendant received effective representation?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a fundamental right is fundamental?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proof in a motor vehicle accident case?


British Columbia, Canada

How does the Fourteenth Amendment protect against the deprivation of interests that an individual has acquired in specific benefits?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of a police officer stopping a motorist for investigation and citation?


California, United States of America

Can expert testimony on eligibility requirements and the amount of overpayments be presented to the jury?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for a Charter-based waiver of a procedural right?


Canada (Federal), Canada

When will a motion for particulars be granted?


Ontario, Canada

On appeal from a judgment dismissing an action after sustaining a demurrer without leave to amend, what is the test for admitting all material facts?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of subjective reporting in a medical malpractice case?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the material change threshold become engaged under the Change of Name Act?


Ontario, Canada

Can a judge replay videotaped testimony?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of a prosecutor's comment on a defendant's choice not to testify?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proving prejudicial extrajudicial information to a jury?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the relevant section of the Penal Code for assault and sexual assault against a man who was found guilty of the same offence in a separate case?


California, United States of America

Is a defense opinion relevant in determining whether a defendant is competent to stand trial?


California, United States of America

What is the Miranda rights of a suspect?


California, United States of America

How has the court treated physiotherapy treatments recommended by a family physician?


British Columbia, Canada

How does the "plain meaning" rule apply?


California, United States of America

Can Rule 129 be used to strike an originating notice?


Alberta, Canada

Can communications between a solicitor and his clients be privileged?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a judge make a palpable and overriding error of fact when exercising costs in a personal injury case?


New Brunswick, Canada

What are some of the words used in defence of confessions?


Alberta, Canada

What is the role of a magistrate judge in deciding motions in a motion?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the reasons of the chambers judge?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for admitting statements that may not be admitted in a criminal trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a child has met the appropriate standard of care?


Ontario, Canada

Is there any case law in the context of a restitution claim?


California, United States of America

How have the courts treated the issue of whether the defense has made out a prima facie case of discrimination?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a court have discretion to reduce the quant of costs that the Respondent has to pay because of his financial condition?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for punitive damages in motor vehicle accident law?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a retroactive interpretation of a section of the Civil Code of Civil Procedure apply retroactively?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for alleging that an undercover officer fabricates information?


MultiRegion, United States of America

When will a court refuse to grant a publication ban during a cross-examination?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the tort of abuse of process?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for rebutting the presumption in a will?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for substituting an attorney for a defendant in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the legal test for substantial evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

How has the federal district court interpreted a civil rights complaint and a habeas corpus petition?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for "reasonableness" in the context of the Fourth Amendment?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a plaintiff seek an amendment to a Rule 16 order?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of failure to renew a motion to suppress evidence before a change of plea is entered?


California, United States of America

Can a regulator carrying out a public law function, such as a regulatory body, be considered a private law entity?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the binding effect language of a contract need to be interpreted in the context of res judicata?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a "neutral and detached" magistrate under the Fourth Amendment?


California, United States of America

What is the definition of a "wobbler" under section 496 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for damages for injuries sustained by a police officer who intervened to stop a runaway horse in a busy street?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for an order requiring an individual to abstain from the use of alcohol and drugs?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admitting evidence of sexual assault where the alleged victim pled guilty to prostitution?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a defendant who is convicted of murder of the second degree of the crime?


California, United States of America

What are the reasons for a denial of class certification for a medical malpractice class?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proving liability under section 425.16 of the California Motor Vehicle Act?


California, United States of America

When a plumbing contractor is hired to complete plumbing services which includes the installation of materials and fixtures, does the contract stipulate that the materials used will be of good quality and reasonably fit for a purpose?


British Columbia, Canada

How have courts interpreted the meaning of section 3333.4 of the California Vehicle Accident Prevention Act?


California, United States of America

In a personal injury case, how have formal instructions been used to instruct the jury on the presumption of innocence and proof beyond a reasonable doubt?


California, United States of America

Can impeachment evidence be excluded from a criminal trial?


California, United States of America

How have courts treated the admission or exclusion of evidence under Rule 403 for abuse of discretion?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a search warrant issued to a police constable for the arrest of a suspect in a drug trafficking case valid as a result of the previous entry by the narcotics detectives?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for making a claim under the 8th Amendment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining if an environment is sufficiently hostile or abusive to violate Title VII?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Under what circumstances must a judge grant an evidentiary hearing on a petition brought by Dupard?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is Precious still Children of the Marriage under the Divorce Act?


Ontario, Canada

What is the impact of a server at a restaurant where the complainant and his wife were served information about the cafeteria?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the standard of evidence required in a claim for misrepresentation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will the district attorney's office decline to file a charge under section 654 of the Criminal Code for possession of a firearm with intent to endanger life?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of care for a police officer in the context of allegations of sexual assault?


British Columbia, Canada

How have the courts dealt with a claim for the return of client files from a plaintiff law firm?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the test for appointing a substitute attorney at a trial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for concurrent sentences for two convictions of conspiracy to murder under section 654 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

Is an attempt to commit a crime known to law, that was thwarted by chance, still a criminal attempt under section 24(1) of the Criminal Code?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for seizure of personal information under the Fourth Amendment?


California, United States of America

What is the test for extreme relief in a personal injury case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of prejudice against the Attorney General for instructing the jury on a provocative acts murder theory?


California, United States of America

What is the definition of a "lying in wait" murder?


California, United States of America

How have the courts treated the evidence of a burglary in the context of the discovery of paper bags and other debris left behind by the fleeing burglars?


California, United States of America

What is the test for standing in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the scope of damages for a plaintiff in a class action?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for pleading guilty in a criminal case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the burden of proof in the context of child support claims?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a material change in circumstances affecting the best interests of the child?


Ontario, Canada

Is a failure to commence an action within the applicable limitation period a complete defence?


Alberta, Canada

What are the general verdict forms for damages in a motor vehicle accident?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the limitation period for a plaintiff to seek a postponement of their claim?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will a court dismiss an action for wrongful dismissal?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have courts interpreted the term "person" and "personally" in relation to liability?


California, United States of America

What is the test for discrimination in the context of employment law?


Alberta, Canada

Can a second or successive habeas petition be dismissed?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the burden of post security in a prohibition proceeding?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law in relation to temporary layoffs in wrongful dismissal cases?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will the court allow a federal conviction for possession of a firearm by a convicted felon to be quashed?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for calling a lawyer as an expert witness in a personal injury action?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a murder committed in the perpetration or attempt to perpetrate rape is a murder of the first degree?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a court order retroactive support where the husband's threats and poor treatment of the wife during the marriage contributed to the delay in commencing an application for support?


Ontario, Canada

Does the Immigration Judge erred by finding that the testimony of the Tellos was incredible?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current interpretation of the Miranda Rule on preliminary inquiries?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review for a special verdict?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of the court's decision not to take live testimony from the jurors before the evidentiary hearing?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a plaintiff bring a claim for ineffective assistance in a civil case?


California, United States of America

How have the courts interpreted the Miranda Miranda warning that anything he said could and would be used against him?


California, United States of America

What is the test for First Amendment protection in the context of judicial review?


MultiRegion, United States of America