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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


Does a claim that an attorney was ineffective for failing to request the proposed clarifying instructions must also fail?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining undue hardship in a human rights case?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will a judgment debtor be examined on his property?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for legal causation under the "thin skull" rule?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a trial court have a sua sponte obligation to give unanimity instruction on the statute of limitations in a conspiracy?


California, United States of America

Does defendant's failure to object to the death penalty apply to the Court of Appeal?


California, United States of America

What is the range of non-pecuniary damages in a motor vehicle accident?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the Estate of Yehuda's Estate have to prove that there is a likelihood that the Estate will be able to claim severance?


Ontario, Canada

Is a search warrant required for a search to which there was consent?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the result of a motion to vacate the sentence of a man convicted of assault with intent to murder under section 12022.53 of the Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

Does a search warrant need to be issued to suppress evidence of a bindle found in the rectum of a man who was asked to spread his rectum?


California, United States of America

What remedies are available to the court for a breach of fiduciary duty?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a trial judge have to consider the entire record of voir dire for a Wheeler motion?


California, United States of America

What are the findings of the jury in the case of a plaintiff who was ordered to wear goggles during hammering?


Saskatchewan, Canada

How have courts dealt with the issue of counsel representing a minor on appeal?


California, United States of America

What is the financial position of the applicant in the context of an appeal?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for credibility assessment at trial?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for deliberate indifference in prison medical malpractice cases?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a strata obligated to replace or replace carpet in a common hallway and stairway?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the appropriate adjournment period for a motion to adjourn a motion for speedy trial?


"New York", United States of America

What is the difference between a constitutionally deficient jury instruction and a harmless error?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the legal test for a motion to exclude or strike evidence in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

How have courts reviewed a report submitted by an independent evaluator prior to trial?


California, United States of America

Does a plaintiff have a burden of demonstrating the missing elements of causation and injury?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to determine whether a defendant has been ordered to admit that he started a fight?


California, United States of America

What is the test for improper conduct by a judge in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of appellate review of a motion to suppress?


California, United States of America

Can a judge refuse to close an access road even if one of the conditions is satisfied?


Ontario, Canada

How have courts interpreted language in a motor vehicle accident case?


California, United States of America

What is the standard for a motion to dismiss a motion brought by a non-moving party?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What constitutes the crime of mayhem?


California, United States of America

Does a three-judge panel have any power to overrule a previous decision?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What rights does a suspect waive during an interview?


California, United States of America

Does the fact they were appointed as special counsel to the Court of Appeal affect the weight of their testimony?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on the fast-track timeline under the Speedy Trial Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether "questions of law or fact common to the class predominate" in a class action?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the consequences of pleading no contest to a charge of theft?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law in which a plaintiff has been successful in his claim that he was not given adequate notice of the punishment he would face?


California, United States of America

What is the test for damages for loss of capital asset in a motor vehicle accident case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the limitation period on a plaintiff's legal malpractice claim?


California, United States of America

When will a judge order a mental competency examination to determine whether a defendant is competent to plead guilty?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is it unfair to the trial judge and the prosecution to allow defendant to appeal against the peremptory challenge?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of a defendant's failure to provide victim restitution as a condition of probation?


California, United States of America

Does a motor vehicle license need to be registered as a valid license?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a divisible injury, such as an injury to the same area of the body, impossible to separate?


Ontario, Canada

Can a party elect damages in lieu of specific performance damages?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a restraining order be dissolved for abuse of discretion?


California, United States of America

If a jury finds a defendant guilty of first degree murder, what is the special circumstance?


California, United States of America

What is the appropriate sentence for a first offender who fired a prohibited handgun on a city street?


Ontario, Canada

What is the substantial evidence rule on appeal?


California, United States of America

Does defendant forfeited his assertion of prosecutorial misconduct because his defense counsel did not object to the slide of the Erich Fromm quote on this specific ground?


California, United States of America

What is the second branch of the test concerning the reasonableness of the internal flight alternative in the context of the claimant's particular circumstances?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Can a contemnor who refuses to produce attorney-client privilege material be successful in appeal from any adverse final judgment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether the state would be willing to protect an applicant in a civil matter?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Does deliberate indifference to medical needs constitute an Eighth Amendment violation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the attorney-client relationship between Sophia and her first attorneys terminate upon their discharge?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant have a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel for failing to challenge the jurors for cause or exclude them peremptorily?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that the named plaintiff had no interest in the action?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for abuse of discovery?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will the California Court of Appeal order declaratory relief?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for an application for leave to appeal against a finding that the respondent should pay the respondent's costs of the appeal?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the relevant information required for a human rights analysis of a complaint?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What factors will the court consider when determining whether to award double costs in a personal injury action?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the impact of a parent’s contact with their child on the relationship between the parties?


Ontario, Canada

Can a jury overturn a conviction for failing to properly instruct a defendant on the issue of subjective knowledge of his involvement in the accident?


California, United States of America

Does the Attorney General have to be held to account for errors made by Respondent in the context of Section 654 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

How have the Courts treated the foregoing provision of a "contract" in the context of a theft claim?


California, United States of America

What is the test for making a just conclusion in a declaration in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the test that a claimant must meet to establish fear of persecution?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What are the elements of malicious prosecution?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for a motion for attorney fees in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law where a conviction of murder even at the cost of condoning perjury?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will the anti-SLAPP statute protect a plaintiff from civil liability arising from good faith communications to a government agency?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of review at common law?


British Columbia, Canada

How is a witness permitted to refer to a ship’s log?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Does the Sixth Amendment apply to a civil relief application?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a limited protective search following a traffic stop constitute a reasonable search?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for determining the child's need and the ability of the payor parent to pay child support?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a jury to convict a defendant of gross vehicular manslaughter while intoxicated?


California, United States of America

Is it improper to ask a witness about their prior conversation?


California, United States of America

What is the test for malice in the context of the defence against the Motion Judge’s finding that malice may undermine the defence?


Ontario, Canada

Is a limitation on counsel's general voir dire limited preventing the defense from eliciting juror bias?


California, United States of America

Does the prosecution have the authority to attack a defense case and argument?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances have courts considered the simplified procedure under Rule 3360 of the Small Claims Act?


Ontario, Canada

Does complying with an undertaking in a personal injury action materially advance an action?


Alberta, Canada

Is rescission the sole remedy of the insurer where misrepresentation or concealment is involved?


California, United States of America

What is the difference between a defined benefit plan and a defined contribution plan?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the burden on an employer to make an inquiry about the background of prospective employees?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant who seeks recovery of costs after a plaintiff's voluntary dismissal need to file a proposed judgment?


California, United States of America

What is the scope of Section 489 of the New York State Code of Civil Procedure?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a defendant appeal against his conviction and sentence for kidnapping during a carjacking?


California, United States of America

Does section 654 of the California Criminal Code prohibit multiple punishment for multiple crimes arising out of a single transaction?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proof for a plaintiff in a motion to evict a non-moving party?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will the court allow for "liberty to apply" in a custody order?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for cross-examination in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Can Walmart appeal the finding that Justice Barnes failed to seize himself of this action after dismissing the motion?


Ontario, Canada

When will the court order that Kelsey be excluded from the family home?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a private person is entitled to benefit from a public health project?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a jury consider credibility in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a plaintiff to bring a claim for damages against defendants in a medical malpractice case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether there is probable cause in a malicious prosecution action?


California, United States of America

What is the difference between personally inflicting grievous bodily injury and personally causing death by dangerous driving?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admissible evidence of misconduct in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reversal of a decision by a judge to deny a defendant a right to exercise a peremptory challenge?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for withdrawing an application to withdraw an admission by a member of the Court of Arbitration for Sport?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there any case law that supports the argument that a class action is preferable?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a federal habeas judge to presume the correctness of the factual findings of a state court?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for calculating damages in a personal injury action?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for deductibility of collateral benefits under automobile policies?


Ontario, Canada

Does a judge have an overriding duty to preserve the integrity and honor of the judicial system?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for a defamation claim against a public figure?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on a defendant's aider and abettor liability?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining if a plaintiff has jurisdiction to bring a motion to dismiss the motion?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a defense attorney to make a peremptory challenge?


California, United States of America

Can a school board be held liable for failing to prevent a teacher making sexual contact with a student?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the burden of proving equitable tolling to avoid a limitation bar?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a motion for summary judgment against a parent for failing to supervise their 17 year old son's birthday party?


Ontario, Canada

Is a requested instruction in a personal injury trial "perspective" or "objectionative"?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is an employee’s duty not to compete during the notice period inconsistent with the law concerning fiduciary duties?


Alberta, Canada

In what circumstances will a court impose sanctions on a plaintiff for refusing to accept the Consent Decree?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the prosecution have the power to file a charge under both the Criminal Code and the Criminal Prosecution Service Code when more than one statute prohibits the conduct in question?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How has the court calculated the total amount of restitution in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

How have instructions been interpreted in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

How is the present value of periodic payments calculated in the calculation of attorney fees?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admitting hearsay evidence in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to agree on a degree of murder?


California, United States of America

Can a jury at a murder trial agree unanimously on a single theory of murder?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a charge of first degree lying-in-wait murder?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for introducing fresh evidence at trial?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the current state of the law on "unreasonable stops" under the Fourth Amendment?


California, United States of America

If a petition is dismissed for failure to state the facts with particularity, can the petitioner file a new petition curing the defect?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is it abdication for the courts to close their doors?


"New York", United States of America

Does the anti-SLAPP statute apply to third party actions?


California, United States of America

What is the defence of laches?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of Proposition 8 on a motion to overturn a finding of not guilty?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a demurrer to a complaint?


California, United States of America

Is a post-certification pleading amendment inappropriate?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the appropriate date for a valuation of a property?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for an application to aggravate a sentence based on a prior conviction for sexual assault against a minor?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of the US Supreme Court and other federal authorities on the issue of civil liberties?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is prejudice shown when there is a reasonable probability that the result of the proceeding would have been different?


California, United States of America

Does section 8.85 of the California Criminal Code, which instructed the jury to consider whether or not certain mitigating factors were present, unconstitutionally suggest that the absence of such factors amounted to aggravation?


California, United States of America

What is the test for quiet title in a foreclosure action?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review in a medical malpractice case?


Alberta, Canada

Can a mortgagor redeem a mortgage where there are several successive mortgages?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will a plaintiff be able to bring a claim for non-pathological emotional harm from unplanned parenthood?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for substantive due process under the Fourth Amendment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a jury in a civil case where a police officer deliberately destroyed evidence?


California, United States of America

Does the fact that a defendant threatened to shoot someone or pointed a gun at someone constitute sufficient evidence that it could be fired?


California, United States of America

Can an application for disability benefits be reviewed in the federal district court?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for introducing evidence in a criminal case?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for being disabled for purposes of social security disability?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of review on appeal from a judgment dismissing an action after sustaining a demurrer without leave to amend?


California, United States of America

What is the test for abuse of discretion in a federal district court's application of the law of the case doctrine?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How are damages for loss of future income earning capacity assessed?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for admitting evidence under section 24(2) of the Criminal Code?


Ontario, Canada

Does a defendant who violates the inmate assault statute necessarily also violate the lesser assault statute?


California, United States of America

Can a union representative contact management?


Prince Edward Island, Canada

How does the Court of Appeal assess the sufficiency of evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the summary judgment process?


Ontario, Canada

In what circumstances will a defendant be held liable for re-publication by others?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will a plaintiff have to prove that he or she was injured in a motor vehicle accident?


Alberta, Canada

What is the standard of conduct of an attorney in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for adjournment of an interlocutory suspension motion by the Law Society of Upper Canada?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for determining whether there is a "good faith" in a relationship?


British Columbia, Canada

Can an attorney withdraw from a case and withdraw from the action without justifiable cause?


California, United States of America

What is the test for contempt of an injunction against a party who is not a party to the action?


California, United States of America

How have the courts interpreted the facts in a search warrant application?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a father who gratuitously creates joint tenancy with his son in a large bank account and in a farm property constitute a gift from the father to son?


Alberta, Canada

Is there any case law supporting the death penalty for an accomplice to a murder?


California, United States of America

Can an instruction of the Circumstances of the Crime, Other Violent Criminal Activity and Prior Felony Convictions be taken by the jury to permit double-counting?


California, United States of America

Does a statute requiring a calculation back from a date need to be amended?


California, United States of America

What is the state of the law in this case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of a single email to the Respondent Owner of a Strata Plan, demanding payment of the Special Levy, before handing the matter over to their lawyers and incurring legal costs?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a church official possess church property if he or she has control or the right to control the property?


California, United States of America

Can a court order a protective order during the pendency of a criminal action?


California, United States of America

Does section 596.5 of the California Vehicle Code prohibit a person from riding a tandem tandem bicycle?


California, United States of America

Is ineffective assistance to counsel ineffective assistance of counsel?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a claim of prosecutorial error in a civil case?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant voluntarily consent to a search?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is harassment of a staff attorney under color of law?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How is the law relevant to calculation and considerations of cost of future care?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for disclosing evidence that the prosecution intends to use at trial?


California, United States of America

Is the conduct of a defendant in soliciting opt-outs before the certification hearing relevant to fixing the costs of a certification hearing?


Ontario, Canada

How have the courts treated the issue of proof of a previous conviction at trial?


"New York", United States of America

What is the effect of the Health and Safety Executive’s comments in the context of the BC Health and Social Care Act?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the requirements for a shared parenting arrangement?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Is the crime of carrying a loaded firearm a continuing offense that did not end when appellant drew and fired the weapon?


California, United States of America

Does the doctrine of last clear chance apply in a motor vehicle accident case?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant appeal against his sentence under section 654 of the California Criminal Code for failing to comply with the requirements of the Court of Appeal?


California, United States of America

Does a motion to suppress have to be heard by a judge acting as a magistrate or a superior court judge?


California, United States of America

What is the test for seizure of contraband, fruits, or instrumentalities of crime?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a material change in circumstances under an interim order?


Prince Edward Island, Canada

What is the test for a finding in a Guardianship and Parenting Application?


Alberta, Canada

Does the fact that the respondent left his previous employment for a seasonal job for the purposes of seasonal employment disqualify him from receiving Social Security benefits?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What are the grounds for appellate interference in a support order?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the legal test for terminating a contract where a contractor has been found to be poor quality or defective?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a defendant who fails to object to a jury's consideration of a lesser charge of assault have an implied consent to a related crime?


California, United States of America

Can a jury reasonably infer that a defendant committed a murder with the specific intent to promote or further criminal conduct?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a court award a plaintiff’s costs for a gross-up claim?


British Columbia, Canada