What is the cause of death for spruces that were transplanted from a single spruce into a rock formation in 2014?

28. The Hallmans also say that the spruces died due to poor placement and poor post-transplant care. Photos show that by September 24, 2020 the spruces had severe browning. Given that the spruces appeared alive until at least July 2020, I find that determining the cause of the spruces’ subsequent illness is a matter that is beyond common understanding and requires expert evidence. See Bergen v. Guliker, 2015 BCCA 283 at paragraph 119. As applicants, the Hallmans have the burden to provide such evidence. They have not done so. So, I find it unproven that the spruces died from any action or inaction by the strata.